Osteoporosis is gradually being emphasized as living standards and medical care continue to improve, especially as the population is aging. Osteoporosis, or osteoporosis, is a metabolic bone disease characterized by a decrease in the amount of bone tissue per unit volume, caused by a variety of reasons. Bone tissue has normal calcification, calcium salts and matrix is a normal ratio, if the ratio of calcium salts and matrix is reduced is called osteoporosis; only the mineral calcium salts reduced and the matrix organic composition is normal is the softening of the bone. Bone is the body’s support, movement system, once this system appears low bone mass and bone tissue microstructure damage, resulting in increased bone fragility and easy fracture of the systemic bone metabolic disease – osteoporosis. Bone tissue is compatible with the growth and development of the human body, macroscopically reflected in the growth of the body, microscopically the organic components of bone tissue and mineralized calcium salts continue to accumulate. The fastest growth of human bone tissue in adolescence, generally between the ages of 30 – 40 years old to reach the golden age of the skeleton, and then began to appear varying degrees of bone loss, women’s bone loss appeared in the postmenopausal period, was explosive, while men’s bone loss appeared earlier but relatively slow. What are the factors that affect the metabolism of bone tissue? From the above, it can be seen that the bones are closely related to growth and development, that is, the same body at different stages of the condition of its bone tissue is different, which is mainly a combination of hormones in the body. Sex hormones play a very important role in promoting human development, especially estrogen plays an important role in promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, so the pre-menopausal women’s advantage in resisting osteoporosis and the rapid decline in bone mass after menopause. It is well known that the important thing in bone is calcium salts, so anything that affects the body’s calcium metabolism will affect bone tissue: parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D3, etc.. All of these hormones affect the deposition and dissolution of bone tissue by regulating the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and by regulating the secretion and reabsorption of calcium ions by the intestinal epithelium and glomeruli. However, it is obvious that the bone quality of different individuals in the same period of time is not the same, which is related to the acquired life habits, and it is also the easiest for us to control the intervention. For example, good nutritional status, adequate intake of protein and calcium-rich foods, outdoor exposure to sunlight to synthesize vitamin D3, along with appropriate exercise will result in strong bones. What are the effects of osteoporosis on the body? Osteoporosis is like a building of reinforced concrete skeleton is not strong, unqualified, can not withstand the slightest shock or even difficult to support their own weight. Early bone pain late pathological fracture, in fact, just osteoporosis is not easy to detect, except for secondary osteoporosis, there are corresponding lesions easy to find, primary osteoporosis in the early stage is not easy to find, almost no clinical symptoms, combined with the clinical bone density measurement can be diagnosed, few heavy night sweats, bone pain and other atypical non-specific symptoms. With ageing, osteoblast activity decreases and osteoclast activity increases, and bones are gradually decalcified, and bone decalcification reaches a certain level of thinning of bone trabeculae – osteoporosis, weakening of bone firmness, and increased brittleness of bones, which leads to pathologic fracture. Compression fracture of spinal vertebrae is common, especially in postmenopausal women, manifested as low back pain, scoliosis: due to osteoporosis, bone brittleness increases often due to minor activities, trauma, bending, weight-bearing, extrusion, or fall after a fracture, and delayed fracture healing or fracture does not heal, mostly in the age of a little older, the overall physical conditions are poorer, and if there is a fracture more to bed rest, will face a number of Complications: increased respiratory urinary tract infections, osteoporosis vicious circle. How to slow down the process of osteoporosis? 1, minimize the degree of osteoporosis, first of all, to ensure that the body’s bone base content is as rich as possible, which requires that before the bone begins to decay, bone formation period to promote bone-forming activities, increase nutrition, eat calcium-rich foods, increase outdoor activities, strengthen the physical exercise, and ensure that the body’s bone quality in the best peak through the regular living habits. Try to minimize the use of coffee, tobacco, alcohol and drugs that accelerate bone loss. Due to the change of working and living environment, outdoor activities are reduced, even if there are all kinds of sunscreen, these are not conducive to the synthesis of vitamin D3, not conducive to the absorption of calcium, not conducive to bone formation. 2, in the bone quality began to decline in the period corresponding to men at the age of 40 years old, women in the postmenopausal, in addition to the above life interventions, should be further implementation of medical interventions, this stage of the body function is also in the stage of attenuation, the health check is particularly important, the clinical use of the more economical X-ray and high accuracy of the bone density examination can be evaluated on the quality of the bone, especially postmenopausal women should be done once a year. Bone densitometry should be done once a year, especially for postmenopausal women, and hormone replacement therapy should be performed if necessary. In addition, calcium and vitamin D3 are commonly used in the clinic, and commonly used calcium preparations such as calcium carbonate, calcium gluconate, and calcium citrate. Vitamin D3 is emphasized here as it promotes intestinal absorption of supplemental calcium, so calcium supplementation without this vitamin is unsuccessful. Under normal circumstances, the exposed skin receives external ultraviolet light synthesized vitamin D can ensure physiological needs, but many people seek to whiten to avoid contact with the sun, or the work environment is almost indoor, all of which may affect the absorption of calcium. Recently, a large number of medical studies have found that the glucose-lowering drug metformin can inhibit osteoclast activity and enhance bone formation. Metformin regulates the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts through the AMPK and ERK signaling pathways. Low doses of metformin promote osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization. In addition, metformin can reverse the abnormal proliferation of osteoblasts caused by high glucose and late glycosylation end products, and has the effect of promoting the directed differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells to osteoblasts and inhibiting their differentiation to adipocytes. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose metabolism at the same time manifested in osteogenesis, inhibit bone production, and metformin through the promotion of osteoblasts glucose transporter 1 (GLUT a 1) protein expression, increase the rate of glucose uptake by osteoblasts, and promote the growth of primary osteoblasts, differentiation and mineralization. 3.The symptomatic treatment period of osteoporosis is mainly in the symptomatic supportive treatment of bone pain and fracture brought by osteoporosis, with the main purpose of relieving the pain and improving the prognosis. Surgical treatment for fracture, try to get out of bed as early as possible, otherwise into the abandonment of bone osteoporosis, the formation of a vicious circle. Never have the idea of bed rest, even if a healthy person is bedridden for three days, there will be a series of complications. Young and strong do not work hard, the old sad, the same young to develop a strong body, in the age of a little longer will not decline too quickly. Early prevention of osteoporosis and slowing down the process as much as possible, along with the classic calcium supplements and the recent clinical advances of Metformin, will help to protect your bones.