Gastroesophageal reflux (RE) is the reflux of duodenal contents into the esophagus causing heartburn and other symptoms. It is classified into reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease depending on whether it leads to esophageal mucosal erosion and ulceration. Gastroesophageal reflux is first detected by the following tests: 1. Gastroscopy: It is the most accurate way to diagnose RE and to determine the severity of RE and the presence of complications. 2.24-hour esophageal PH monitoring: The application of portable PH recorder to monitor the patient’s 24-hour esophageal PH provides observable evidence of the presence of excessive acid reflux in the esophagus, and is an important method for diagnosing GERD. 3.Barium X-ray esophageal meal: This test is not high for diagnostic RE. For those who do not want to accept or cannot tolerate gastroscopy, barium X-ray meal helps to exclude other esophageal diseases such as esophageal cancer. 4.Esophageal manometry: It can measure LES food pressure, show frequent transient LES relaxation and evaluate the function of the esophageal body. (1) Gastrointestinal motility drugs such as domperidone, mosapride, etopride, etc. These drugs may reduce esophageal reflux of gastric contents and reduce their exposure time in the esophagus by increasing LES pressure, improving esophageal peristaltic function, and promoting gastric emptying. (2) Acid-suppressing drugs are effective in reducing the effects of damaging factors and are currently the main treatment for this disease. For patients receiving treatment for the first time or those with esophagitis, treatment with PPI is appropriate in order to rapidly control symptoms and cure esophagitis. (3) Antacids are only used for patients with mild symptoms and intermittent attacks as a temporary relief of symptoms. 2. Maintenance therapy: GERD has a tendency to relapse chronically, so in order to reduce the recurrence of symptoms and prevent complications caused by the relapse of esophagitis, maintenance therapy can be given. Those who relapse soon after stopping the drug and whose symptoms persist often need a long course of maintenance therapy; those with complications of esophagitis such as esophageal ulcer, esophageal stricture, and Barrett’s esophagus need a long course of maintenance therapy. Anti-reflux surgery: Anti-reflux surgery is a different type of fundoplication, which aims to stop the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. The efficacy of anti-reflux surgery is comparable to that of PPI, but there are certain postoperative complications. Therefore, for those patients who require long-term maintenance therapy with high-dose PPI, the decision of anti-reflux surgery can be made according to the patient’s wishes. For patients with confirmed severe respiratory disease caused by reflux and poor efficacy of PPI, anti-reflux surgery can be considered. 4. Treatment of complications: Except for a very small number of severe scar stenoses that require surgical resection, gastroscopic esophageal dilatation is feasible for most stenoses. Barrett’s esophagus should be treated with PPI and long term maintenance therapy, and regular follow-up is the only way to prevent cancer in Barrett’s esophagus at present. Early identification of atypical hyperplasia and timely surgical resection of severe atypical hyperplasia or early esophageal cancer should be performed. 5. Patient education: (1) Patients with impaired LES structure or abnormal function should not lie down immediately after daytime meal; in order to reduce recumbency and nocturnal reflux, they should not eat within 3 hours before bedtime, and the head of the bed can be elevated by 15-20 cm. (2) Pay attention to reducing factors that cause increased abdominal pressure, such as obesity, constipation, tight girdle, etc.; foods that lower LES pressure should be avoided, such as high fat, chocolate (2) Pay attention to reducing factors that cause increased abdominal pressure, such as obesity, constipation, tight girdle, etc.; avoid eating foods that lower LES pressure, such as high fat, chocolate, coffee, strong tea, etc. Avoid applying drugs that lower LES pressure and drugs that cause delayed gastric emptying, such as nitroglycerin, calcium channel blockers and anticholinergic drugs. Therefore, gastroesophageal reflux should be actively exercised, pay attention to diet, and in serious cases, seek medical attention and treatment under the guidance of a doctor.