The causes of constipation are many and complex, and the general causes are: 1, unreasonable dietary habits, such as too little fiber content in food, excessive absorption of water in the stool, resulting in dry stool and difficult discharge; 2, poor defecation habits, such as irregular defecation, prolonged suppression of bowel movement; 3, long-term treatment with colon-stimulating laxatives; 4, pregnancy, elderly and malnourished and Long-term bedridden patients; 5, intestinal tumors, etc. Constipation refers to a decrease in the number of bowel movements, less than 3 times a week, as well as poor bowel movement, effort, dry and hard stools, and other manifestations. Constipation can occur when there are organic or functional lesions in the intestine. From the perspective of modern medicine, it is not a specific disease, but a symptom of multiple diseases. Constipation can be mild or severe in degree, and can be temporary or long-lasting in duration. Chronic constipation is not only a symptom of bloating, loss of appetite, insomnia and dizziness, but can also trigger or aggravate hemorrhoids, anal fissures, prolapse, prostate enlargement and other disorders, and can even lead to acute myocardial infarction, stroke and sudden death. Therefore, for the more serious symptoms, constipation patients with a longer duration should promptly go to the hospital for examination to find the cause of constipation, so as not to delay the diagnosis and treatment of the original disease. Commonly used examination methods for constipation include rectal finger examination, X-ray examination (barium meal examination), colonoscopy and so on. For functional constipation patients are recommended to do the following aspects of prevention and treatment: 1, to develop good habits: (1) to develop the habit of regular living, do not easily change the routine. Regardless of whether there is a bowel movement, should develop the habit of regular defecation after breakfast every day, preferably with a cup of warm water or light salt water in the morning to promote intestinal peristalsis. (2) eat more food containing residue, especially fresh vegetables containing more fiber, such as celery, leeks, etc.. Because this kind of food can supply the body with rich vitamin C, but also can provide enough food residue, stimulate the intestinal wall, to speed up intestinal peristalsis, so that the stool is easy to discharge. (3) eat more fresh fruit, such as apples, pears, etc. In addition, honey, cassia also has the role of laxative. Generally speaking, chili, strong tea, alcohol and other stimulating food is not conducive to the passage of stool, should not be eaten. 2, appropriate exercise exercise in the morning can walk, jogging, gymnastics, if there is no time, can do more half squatting action in the office, can also exercise abdominal muscle tone, to make up for the lack of exercise. This can strengthen the abdominal muscle contraction force, promote gastrointestinal motility and increase the power of defecation. 3, using the method of self-massage, spending 10 minutes a day, will also play a certain effect. (1) abdominal rubbing: sleep in bed, relaxed, the palms of both hands stacked on the navel, first 100 times in a clockwise direction, and then 100 times in a counterclockwise direction, knead with moderate force, gentle movements, breathing naturally. (2) abdominal massage: sleep on the bed, legs bent up, abdominal muscles relaxed, the palm of one hand placed directly above the navel, with the four fingers other than the thumb, from right to left along the colon to massage. When the massage to the left lower abdomen, should be appropriate to strengthen the pressure of the fingers, to not feel pain for the degree, exhale when pressing, relax when inhaling, about 10 minutes each time. Abdominal kneading and abdominal massage can be carried out at any time, but generally choose the night before going to sleep or in the morning, before kneading the abdomen should be emptied of urine, should not be too full or too hungry for the case. (3) acupressure points: when the stool is not out, with the middle finger point pressure in the Shen Que point (i.e. navel), according to the clock, counterclockwise massage 20 times each, and then pat the stomach 20 times. When the stool will not come out, use the middle finger of the right hand to press the perineum point (the midpoint between the two yin), or the Changqiang point (0.5 inch below the tip of the tailbone, taken at the midpoint between the end of the tailbone and the anus). It will help the stool slowly discharge, the mood should be relaxed, must not be anxious. In addition, sitting on the toilet, meditation, deep breathing, lead the idea in the intestine, do anal exercise 15 times, can also play a very good effect of defecation. 4, for patients with constipation, you can also choose the following food therapy recipes for treatment: (1) japonica rice sesame porridge: with black sesame appropriate amount of japonica rice 100 grams. Practice is to wash the black sesame, dry and fried research, each time take 30 grams, and 100 grams of round-grained rice with the porridge is ready. Regular consumption is effective. (2) fig rice porridge: 50 grams of rice washed, put into a pot, add the right amount of water, wait for the porridge to boil and put 30 grams of figs that is ready. Drink porridge with honey. (3) spinach porridge: 250 grams of fresh spinach, salt, sesame oil a little. The practice is to wash the spinach, to boil the water in the pot, add salt, and then put the spinach into the boiling water for about 3 minutes to take out, add sesame oil and mix well. Regularly eat effective. (4) snow pear tea: the practice is the north apricot 10 grams, snow pear 1, sugar 30 ~ 50 grams, put the same bowl, add an appropriate amount of water, steam over water (1 hour) that is. Drink soup and eat pear, often eat effective.