Patients considered for myeloma should first undergo the following tests: complete blood count and classification, platelet count, serum urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and electrolytes, serum calcium and albumin, serum immunoglobulin quantification, serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and immunofixation, β2-microglobulin (β2-M), ESR and blood viscosity, free light chain assay (Ben-Hur protein) , standard X-ray imaging of bones, especially axial bones. Among them, M protein identification, bone marrow examination and imaging are necessary for diagnosis. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help to determine the presence of spinal cord compression; computed tomography (CT) can help to show extramedullary lesions; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP) and β2-M levels in serum and urine can reflect the tumor load and help to determine the patient’s prognosis; positron emission tomography (PET) can help to determine the extent of lesions; and erythropoietin can help to determine the extent of lesions. Erythropoietin (EPO) levels can help determine the need for EPO therapy. Bone marrow aspiration biopsy and clonal studies and cytogenetic studies of bone marrow specimens are also of interest in MM. The above tests can be selected as needed.