In recent years, the incidence of prostate cancer in China has been on the rise year by year. In western countries, prostate cancer has become the second most common tumor after lung cancer. With the widespread use of PSA screening and other tests in clinical practice, the diagnosis rate of early prostate cancer has been greatly improved and its treatment has become a hot topic in medical research today. Radical prostatectomy is the standard treatment for early stage prostate cancer. As early as 1997, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by the extraperitoneal route was reported for the treatment of limited prostate cancer, and in 1999 Guillonneau established a standardized laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Nowadays, laparoscopic radical prostate cancer treatment has become a mature treatment method, and it is gradually replacing traditional open radical prostate cancer treatment in clinical practice as the preferred method for the treatment of limited prostate cancer in developed countries and regions such as the United States and Europe. Compared with traditional open surgery, laparoscopic radical prostate cancer treatment has many unique advantages. (1) Good tumor control. The efficacy of laparoscopic radical prostate cancer treatment is comparable to that of open surgery for tumor removal. The positive margin rate and tumor residual rate of laparoscopic radical prostate cancer treatment are not statistically different from those of open surgery, and the long-term postoperative survival is consistent between the two procedures; (2) less intraoperative injury and less bleeding. It has been reported that intraoperative bleeding during laparoscopic radical prostate cancer treatment is only one-fourth of the bleeding volume of open surgery. This provides a good visual field for the operation and also reduces the risk of intraoperative peripheral tissue injury; (3) rapid postoperative recovery. Patients often need to be catheterized for about 15 days after open surgery, whereas patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostate cancer surgery can often have their urinary catheters removed about 1 week after surgery. In addition, laparoscopic radical prostate cancer surgery significantly shortens the average number of days patients stay in the hospital, which saves medical expenses while reducing patients’ pain; (4) Patients’ postoperative quality of life is less affected. Urinary incontinence is one of the main factors affecting the quality of life of patients after radical prostate cancer treatment. A large sample of clinical studies suggests that the incidence of true urinary incontinence is essentially the same for both laparoscopic radical prostate cancer surgery and open radical prostate cancer surgery. For the more common postoperative stress incontinence, about 95% of patients recover to the desired level 6 months after laparoscopic radical prostate cancer treatment. In summary, it can be seen that the surgical outcome and postoperative long-term complications of laparoscopic radical prostate cancer treatment are similar to those of open surgery, but its fewer perioperative complications and faster postoperative recovery cannot be replaced by open surgery. At present, laparoscopic radical prostate cancer surgery has been widely used, especially in large medical centers as a routine operation, and the rate of intermediate open surgery is only about 2%.