The causes of spinal deformities are congenital, acquired, traumatic, neoplastic, metabolic, idiopathic, and geriatric, so specific etiologies are analyzed. Commonly, idiopathic scoliosis is predominant and is more common in adolescents. For example, when parents give the child a bath, they find that the child’s shoulders are high on one side and low on the other, and after bending over, they can find that their backs are uneven, and one side of their backs looks like they have been shaved by a knife, which is known as a razorback, which is an early sign of scoliosis, and they should actively seek medical attention. Degenerative scoliosis is the main cause of senility. Degenerative spinal deformity is more common and is usually accompanied by rotation of the spinal vertebrae, vertebral body slippage, and degeneration of the intervertebral discs, which causes an imbalance in the sagittal and coronal positions of the spinal column and leads to the corresponding symptoms. Complications of spinal deformity mainly include the following aspects: 1, spinal deformity, the patient’s psychological impact is greater, often unwilling to communicate with others, withdrawn or low self-esteem; 2, severe scoliosis can weaken the patient’s cardiopulmonary function, and even combined with spinal cord anomalies, resulting in neurological dysfunction; 3, the impact of the thoracic silhouette and spinal cord normal development, urinary and fecal and limb activity disorders, or even cause paralysis of the lower limbs Complications such as cardiopulmonary failure and recurrent lung infections, which in severe cases can lead to the death of the child.