Prostate cancer is a common malignancy of the male genitourinary system. The incidence of prostate cancer varies greatly at home and abroad. The incidence rate is higher in European and American countries and lower in the East. However, in recent years, the incidence rate in China has been on the rise. It is estimated that about 40% of men over the age of 50 have a very small area of cancer in their prostate. However, only 8% of men will develop the noteworthy disease and only 3% will die from it. In most cases, prostate cancer develops slowly in older men and does not lead to death. The reasons why prostate cells develop into cancer are not yet understood. It may be related to race, genetics, food, environment, and sex hormones. There is also a high incidence with a family history and a tendency to develop at a younger age in those with a family history. Excessive fat intake has the potential to promote the development of prostate cancer. Loss or alteration of function of certain genes is now also noted to play an important role in the development, progression and metastasis of prostate cancer. The clinical presentation of prostate cancer varies widely and is related to tumor staging. The local symptoms are similar to those of prostate hyperplasia. It is asymptomatic in the early stage, or manifests only as mild urinary frequency and urgency. Most patients seek medical attention only when they have clear clinical manifestations after the disease has progressed to a certain stage. Symptoms can appear when the cancer causes obstruction in the bladder neck and posterior urethra. Hematuria is less common, and some patients present to the doctor with metastatic symptoms, which manifest as low back pain and sciatica. Invasion of the bladder neck and posterior urethra may have inflammatory symptoms of urethral stricture, urinary frequency, urgency, painful urination, hematuria and difficulty in urination. Patients have chronic wasting symptoms, wasting, weakness and anemia. Since the early symptoms of prostate cancer are not typical, currently, most of the diagnosis of prostate cancer is made by physical examination. Men over 40 years of age who are at high risk of developing prostate cancer and men over 50 years of age should undergo careful annual rectal examinations, routine physical examinations, and transrectal ultrasounds, and should have PSA (serum prostate-specific antigen) tests.