Emphysema is an abnormal and persistent expansion of the distal air spaces of the terminal fine bronchi in the lungs, accompanied by destruction of alveoli and fine bronchi without significant pulmonary fibrosis, and is a serious chronic respiratory disease that leads to a gradual decline in lung function. Patients with emphysema can be treated and maintained by the following methods: 1. 3. Expectorants: these drugs can be applied to those who cannot easily cough up sputum, and the latter two drugs can reduce the risk of acute exacerbation in some patients; 4. The antibiotic treatment should be actively selected according to the drug sensitivity, and the commonly used drugs are amoxicillin, cefixime, levofloxacin, etc. Second, oxygen therapy is generally through the nasal cannula inhalation of oxygen, or will carry a lightweight oxygen cylinder. Suitable for patients with chronic respiratory failure, it can improve the quality of life and survival rate, and will have a beneficial effect on hemodynamics, exercise capacity and mental status. Third, maintenance 1, respiratory muscle training: perform deep and slow abdominal breathing twice a day for 10-20 minutes each time to help improve dyspnea. 2, quit smoking: Quit smoking at any stage of the disease can help the onset and progression of emphysema. It is also important to reduce the inhalation of harmful gases or harmful particles; 3, physical exercise: strengthening physical exercise, enhancing physical fitness and improving the immunity of the body can help improve the symptoms of patients; 4, protection against cold and warmth: winter cold is prone to induce respiratory diseases, so pay special attention to protection against cold and warmth when going out in winter to prevent colds.