Modern medicine has studied infertility quite thoroughly, and experts have discovered several factors that cause infertility, the causes of infertility are complex and relatively difficult to treat, but not incurable, the key is to identify the cause and treat the disease. In reality, there are many infertile couples who go around seeking medical help and medicine, but they do not get anywhere. So, how should infertility be properly diagnosed? The first thing to do is to clarify the cause of infertility. Conception is a complex physiological process and the following conditions must be met: 1. the ovaries discharge normal eggs. 2. 2. The semen is normal and contains normal sperm. 3. The egg and sperm can meet in the fallopian tube to become a fertilized egg and can be transported smoothly to the uterine cavity. 4. The endometrium is normal and sufficiently prepared for the fertilized egg to implant. An abnormality in any one of these components can prevent conception. The cause of the obstruction to conception may be in the female partner, the male partner or in both men and women. What tests should be done for infertility? About 50% of infertility patients are blinded by the tests. Couples under 35 years of age with a female partner who is not using contraception and has a regular sexual life and still has not conceived after one year or a female partner who is older than 35 years of age and has not conceived for six months should go to a qualified medical institution for infertility-related tests. The doctor needs to clarify, through the examination, whether it is a problem with the woman’s eggs or the man’s sperm, or a problem with the fallopian tubes that causes the combination of eggs and sperm that cannot meet, and also to find out whether the endometrium, the place where the fertilized egg is planted, is normal. 1. Whether the fallopian tubes are normal – tubal patency examination Tubal lavage or uterine tubal iodine oil imaging: usually can be performed on an outpatient basis and can help to understand the morphology of the uterine cavity, the patency of the fallopian tubes and the site of tubal obstruction, etc. Xiao Hongmei and others at the CITIC Xiangya Reproductive and Genetic Hospital reported that tubal and pelvic inflammatory diseases accounted for the majority of female infertility factors, amounting to 72.7% of female factors. Jiang Aifang of the Reproduction Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College reported that tubal factors accounted for 49.17% of the primary infertility causes in women. The fallopian tubes are responsible for transporting eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. Damage to the fallopian tubes can prevent the contact and union of sperm with the eggs. Repeated episodes of pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, and scarring after pelvic surgery can all cause damage to the fallopian tubes. 2. There are many ways to determine if the woman is ovulating, for example, abnormal ovulation can be detected by ultrasound and blood tests for hormone levels. The most common and accurate method is the dynamic monitoring of follicle development and rupture time under ultrasound, which usually starts on the 11th day of the menstrual cycle under normal menstrual cycle, this method is non-invasive and easy to perform. The corresponding hormone levels are abnormal, resulting in abnormal ovarian follicle development or the inability of the ovaries to release mature egg cells or abnormalities in the endometrium. 3.Male factor – semen examination Azoospermia, oligospermia, weak spermatozoa, dead spermatozoa, deformed spermatozoa, and semen indigestion. The husband’s semen should be collected under the condition of no sexual intercourse for 3-7 days, and semen should be collected into a sterile container by in vitro ejaculation method, as condoms can affect the semen analysis results semen cannot be collected with condoms. Semen examination can help determine or exclude most male causes by understanding the number, liquefaction, morphology and motility of the male sperm. 4.Immunity factors Reproductive immune problems in the female or male partner lead to disorders of egg or sperm binding causing infertility. The female partner is checked for anti-sperm antibodies, anti-endometrial antibodies, anti-cardiolipin antibodies, anti-HCG antibodies, anti-clear band antibodies anti-ovarian antibodies. The male partner is checked for anti-seminal membrane antibodies in semen. Precautions during the consultation Medicine is a science, and the connotation of science should include: classification, quantification, detectability and reproducibility. The treatment of infertility should also follow scientific rules, classify infertility, make a clear diagnosis, and then treat it symptomatically. In the process of treating infertility, we should use treatment methods that have been repeatedly proven to be effective in clinical practice, and only then can we say that it is a scientific treatment method.