Management of haemoptysis during tracheoscopy

As bronchoscopic operations have evolved from purely diagnostic at the beginning to interventional at present, the incidence of hemoptysis associated with bronchoscopic operations has increased. The management of tracheoscopic hemoptysis is particularly important for the interventionalist in respiratory endoscopy. Adequate preoperative communication is necessary. Do not panic when hemorrhage occurs, do not withdraw the tracheoscope from the airway easily, adjust the position to the affected side, continue negative pressure suction, and prepare blood as soon as possible in case of heavy bleeding, and transfuse if necessary. Ensure the temperature of vital signs. In case of local anesthesia, double-lumen tracheal intubation should be performed quickly to facilitate operation. While continuing negative pressure suction, local (the most effective locally applied drug is ice-saline dissolved thrombin, which can be applied repeatedly) and systemic hemostatic drugs (intravenous posterior pituitary hormone) should be used continuously, and the accumulated blood in the airway should be aspirated in a timely manner. If pharmacological hemostasis is still ineffective, a double-lumen balloon catheter should be inserted rapidly to stop the bleeding by compression or emergency bronchial artery embolization. A good relationship with the vascular intervention department is especially important. It is essential to have a balloon dilator in the bronchoscopy room so that the bleeding site can be obstructed with a balloon in an emergency.