Serious mental illness is a group of common and frequent diseases, with the characteristics of high disability, high risk and high burden; at the same time, its cause is unknown, the symptoms are diverse, coupled with the patients do not admit their illness, refuse to seek medical treatment, which leads to guardians can not be reasonable control. The result is that some patients are confined to psychiatric hospitals for years to receive treatment, while others are “exiled” to their families and society, doing as they please. They are under the control of hallucinations, delusions, and violent impulses, leading to “accidents and trouble”. In addition, some people in society have a “discriminatory” mentality toward the mentally ill, which makes it taboo for families to seek medical care and treatment. For common mental illnesses, medication can be used to achieve satisfactory results. For severe mental illnesses, medication is a dilemma of “sometimes better, sometimes worse”. The reason is that some psychiatric patients refuse to take medication; even if they do take medication, they cannot adhere to it intermittently; even if they adhere to long-term medication, the side effects are prominent, such as obesity, hyperglycemia, liver, kidney and lung function damage, and extrapyramidal reactions (e.g. tremor, dullness, inability to sit still). The dilemma of drug treatment has compelled its families to eagerly search for new treatment methods. In recent years, with advances in neurobiology, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and medical imaging, minimally invasive psychosurgery has shown a unique role in the treatment of “severe mental illness”. Psychosurgery differs from other disciplines in that it requires multidisciplinary clinical expertise to complete the treatment process. For example, the preoperative evaluation requires the participation of clinical experts from psychiatry, functional neurosurgery, imaging, respiratory medicine, endocrinology, anesthesiology, etc. The patient’s clinical symptoms, organ function, existing underlying diseases, family situation, clinical medication and past treatment history need to be analyzed and identified in detail. Only after the clinical experts and family members agree can the surgery be performed. A large number of studies and clinical practice have confirmed that psychosurgery is an important complement to drug treatment for severe mental illnesses, which makes the treatment of refractory mental illnesses relatively easy; close cooperation between surgery and drug treatment is necessary for clinical cure of the disease, and is also the key to cracking the clinical cure of mental illnesses. Doctors remind that these diseases are all worldwide treatment challenges, and only by adopting a comprehensive treatment approach is it possible to obtain better results.