Cervical effusion can exist under normal physiological conditions or can be caused by a variety of pathological causes. Common pathological causes include: cervicitis, inflammatory pelvic disease, cervical tumours and cervical columnar epithelial ectoplasia. In pathological causes, the cervix can become locally congested, with epithelial degeneration and necrosis, and a large number of neutrophil infiltrates in the mucosa and submucosal tissue and around the glands, which can produce purulent discharge, leading to cervical effusion.