1.What is scoliosis? The normal human spine is straight from the front (front or back), and from the side, the normal spine shows a certain angle of cervical anterior convexity, thoracic lordosis, lumbar lordosis and sacral lordosis to maintain the balance of the spine. However, some people have left and right curvature of the spine from behind, and this curvature cannot be corrected by simply adjusting the standing posture. This type of left-right curvature of the spine is called scoliosis. On an X-ray, the spine of a person with scoliosis appears to be in an “S” or “C” shape, whereas in a normal person it is in a straight line, resulting in shoulder imbalance and low back asymmetry. In some scoliosis areas, there is rotation of the vertebrae, which results in a significant protrusion of the scapulae on one side and razorback-like changes. Scoliosis is a descriptive term rather than a diagnosis of the disease. Of these, 80% have an unknown cause and are referred to as idiopathic scoliosis, which occurs in adolescent females. Idiopathic scoliosis can be classified by age of onset as infantile (0-3 years), juvenile (4-10 years), adolescent (11-18 years), and adult (>18 years). The known causes associated with scoliosis include congenital malformations, neuromuscular origin, and genetics. In addition, weight bearing, strenuous exercise, poor sleep and standing posture, and slight bilateral lower extremity inequality are not considered to be the causes of scoliosis. 2.Do I have scoliosis? The most direct way to detect scoliosis is to perform a physical examination of the back. The examinee stands in a natural and relaxed position with hands on either side of the body. The examiner observes from behind whether the subject’s spine is straight, whether the scapulae and lumbar area are symmetrical, and whether there is trunk displacement. The subject bends over naturally and the examiner again observes the spine for any low back asymmetry (scapulae, ribs or low back bulge). With the above simple examination, those with problems can further perform a full spine frontal and lateral X-ray and can measure the angle of scoliosis. 3.What treatment measures do we have to observe? Scoliosis angle is less than 20 degrees, no significant progress, usually no treatment is needed. Children with growth potential should know the functional exercise and regular follow-up. For adult patients with a lateral bending angle of 40-45 degrees or less, no treatment is needed if there are no accompanying symptoms, and for those with mild low back discomfort, we recommend some physical therapy. 4, brace treatment Children with growth potential, scoliosis will be further aggravated with growth and development. In order to stop the further progress of scoliosis, children with a scoliosis angle of 25-45 degrees need brace treatment. 5.Surgical treatment For adolescent and adult patients with scoliosis angle greater than 50 degrees, we choose surgical treatment. For adolescents and adults with clinical symptoms who are eager to improve the appearance of their deformity, we can relax the indications for surgery (scoliosis >40 degrees). The aim of surgery is to correct the deformity and stop further aggravation of the scoliosis. Currently, the deformed segment is usually fixed and corrected with a nail bar system and fused with autogenous or artificial bone graft.