1.Think that the higher the degree of fever, the more serious the condition Fever is the most common symptom when a child has a cold, and is a way for the body to fight against pathogenic microorganisms. Generally speaking, the more powerful the fever is, the stronger the body’s ability to resist. 3 months or less of the little baby, because the immune function is not yet mature, resistance is not strong, even if there is a serious pneumonia, there is rarely a high fever. Therefore, the degree of fever does not correlate positively with the severity of the disease. Some children may not be seriously ill despite a high fever of 40°C. Otherwise, they would certainly be mentally ill and would probably be depressed or lethargic, unwilling to eat or drink. It is certainly true that there are many serious infectious diseases that can be accompanied by a persistent high fever. It should be reminded that for small infants under 3 months of age, a fever of 37.5°C or more must be seen in a hospital.
2, give antipyretic drugs when encountering fever Whether to use drugs to reduce fever must be based on the degree of fever, body temperature at 37.5-38 ℃ for low fever, 38-39 ℃ for medium fever, > 39 ℃ for high fever. If the body temperature is still >38.5℃ after physical cooling, it is best to use antipyretic drugs because the child’s nervous system is not yet mature and can easily cause hyperthermia. Persistent hyperthermia leads to increased consumption of oxygen and nutrients, which increases the burden on various organs and can easily cause dysfunction of important organs, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular. Hyperthermia (>41°C) can lead to brain cell damage, coma and even death. Encephalitis and ultra-high fever due to heat stroke are emergencies and need to be treated aggressively. It should be noted that for babies under 4 months of age, physical cooling methods are used for fever, and antipyretic drugs should be used with caution.
3, the implementation of physical cooling methods are not in place (1) drink more water to replenish body fluids Give the child more water to replenish body fluids is the first priority, this is the most basic cooling method. All kinds of juice drinks can be chosen, but it is better to have plain water.
(2) Warm water wipe, not alcohol wipe Warm water wipe is a good cooling method, the temperature of the water is 34-37 ℃ is more appropriate, suitable for children of all ages. Each wipe should last >10 min. Unwrap the child’s clothes and wipe the whole body with a warm water towel, focusing on the neck, armpits, elbows, thighs and other large blood vessels, so that the blood vessels in the skin expand and increase heat dissipation, and some heat is lost when water evaporates from the body surface. For children with high fever or older children, warm baths can be used, with the water temperature slightly lower than the body temperature. As for alcohol baths, because the skin of infants is very thin, alcohol is very permeable and may be absorbed through the skin, resulting in symptoms of alcohol poisoning. Alcohol baths can also stimulate the skin, causing capillary constriction and hindering heat dissipation. Children, especially small infants are generally not used.
4, reduce the ambient temperature is not suitable for all children fever reduction requires heat exchange with the surrounding, the appropriate ambient temperature is conducive to fever reduction, the best ambient temperature is 20-24 ℃, in order to make a slow decline in body temperature. Remember that sweating must not be covered to prevent the emergence of fever muffling syndrome, etc. For small infants, especially in summer, their body temperature will slowly drop if they are left open and placed in a cool place. It should be noted that this method is not suitable if the early stage of fever is accompanied by chills and chills in the child.
(1) The fever-reducing effect of fever patches is limited The fever-reducing effect of fever patches is limited due to their small size, and they are comfortable for children with high fever and are an auxiliary measure.
(2) Ice is not suitable because ice is too cold, which may cause capillary constriction of the child’s skin and prevent heat dissipation. Especially children with chills and chills should not use ice.
5, the antipyretic effect is good medicine If after drinking more water and physical cooling children still high fever does not subside, especially more than 38.5 degrees Celsius, generally need to use antipyretic drugs. Some people think that a good antipyretic effect is a good drug, but it is not, must take into account the adverse effects of the drug. Generally speaking, the antipyretic effect and adverse reactions of antipyretic drugs are directly proportional to each other, the better the effect, the greater the adverse reactions. Relatively speaking, acetaminophen and ibuprofen are the most commonly used antipyretic drugs for children because they have a good antipyretic effect, relatively small adverse reactions, and are basically safe at normal doses.