Aminoglycoside antibiotics mainly contain natural aminoglycosides and synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotics. Natural ones mainly include frequently used streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, etc. Synthetic ones mainly refer to amikacin, nethimycin, i.e. butamycin, etc. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are concentration-dependent antibiotics. In addition, the antibacterial spectrum of aminoglycoside antibiotics mainly targets aerobic gram-negative bacilli, especially for clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In clinical practice, aminoglycoside antibiotics are rarely used alone, but often in combination with β-lactam antibiotics or quinolone antibiotics. The main adverse effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics include ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In particular, streptomycin and gentamicin, which are commonly used in clinical practice, can cause ototoxic damage, which can cause deafness in severe cases. The nephrotoxicity caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics mainly causes renal dysfunction, especially gentamicin and streptomycin. Synthetic aminoglycosides are slightly less nephrotoxic in this regard.