Thyroid adenomas are usually treated in principle by surgical removal. Thyroid adenoma is one of the most common tumors in the neck, which is more common in young women. Thyroid adenomas are slow-growing, with a longer course of disease, and preferably occur during the active stage of thyroid function. According to morphology, they can be divided into follicular adenomas and papillary cystic adenomas, with the former being more common. Thyroid adenomas can cause hyperthyroidism and malignancy. Currently, the treatment of patients with thyroid adenomas advocates, in principle, early surgical resection. The choice of the first surgical approach is crucial and is the key to reducing tumor recurrence and cancer. At present, the surgical treatment for thyroid adenoma should be unilateral lobectomy or subtotal lobectomy including the adenoma, if the adenoma is adjacent to the isthmus of the thyroid gland, it is feasible to perform lobectomy plus isthmus resection of one side of the thyroid gland, which is a safe, feasible, and effective method for the treatment of thyroid adenoma. Patients should go to the endocrinology department of regular hospitals, undergo relevant examinations, choose the appropriate treatment plan according to their specific conditions, and follow the doctor’s instructions to receive treatment.