One of the important reasons for the poor clinical efficacy of lung cancer is that the in vivo models used in the development of new drugs are mostly subcutaneous transplant tumor models, which use human tumors inoculated under the skin of mice for drug screening. However, they are found to be ineffective in clinical practice. To overcome this situation, Dr. Tian Jianhui, the chief physician of Longhua Hospital, led the tumor immunomodulation team in collaboration with East China University of Science and Technology to successfully establish an in situ lung cancer implantation model using advanced technologies such as gene transfection, in situ lung transplantation and in vivo imaging. The advantage of this model is that the lung cancer cells transfected with immune genes are injected into the lungs of mice or nude mice to form an in situ model, and at the same time combined with live imaging for continuous observation of individuals. Preliminarily, it was found that the general survival of subcutaneous transplanted tumors was about 35 days when the same load of tumor cells was planted, while the survival of subcutaneous transplanted tumors was only about 20 days, thus suggesting that the model can simulate the actual pathological process of lung cancer development to the greatest extent. Moreover, in vivo imaging observation can save a large number of animals and reduce individual sample errors. Thus, it provides an ideal tool for the evaluation of lung cancer pathogenesis and treatment methods.