What is a saphenous varicose vein? Why do saphenous varicose veins occur? Varicose veins in the lower extremities are a common condition in which the superficial venous system of the lower extremities is in an elongated, sinuous and varicose state. Weakness of the venous vessel walls, defective venous valves, and elevated pressure in the venous walls are all important causes of superficial varicose veins. The weakness of the vein walls and defective valves are related to heredity; the acquired factors such as prolonged standing, heavy work, pregnancy, chronic cough, and habitual constipation increase the pressure on the vessel walls, so varicose veins tend to occur. Since the veins farther away from the heart are under more pressure, varicose veins are more visible in the lower legs than in the thighs, and the disease develops more rapidly in the later stages than in the beginning. Varicose veins in the lower extremities are divided into two categories: simple and secondary, the former meaning that the lesions are located in the saphenous and small saphenous veins and are not accompanied by deep venous lesions; the latter meaning that the lesions are a consequence of deep vein thrombosis or deep vein valve insufficiency. What are the main manifestations and complications of saphenous varicose vein? The main manifestations of saphenous varicose veins are dilated, elongated and tortuous superficial veins of the lower limbs. In the early stage of the disease, the patient can feel the increased pressure and hardness of the veins, but there is no obvious change in the appearance. As the disease progresses, the veins become thicker, twisted and protruding, there may be swelling at the ankle, which is aggravated after walking, skin atrophy and thinning at the foot and boot, desquamation, pigmentation, skin and subcutaneous hard nodes, eczema and ulcer formation, some patients may have bleeding and thrombophlebitis, which seriously affects the patients’ life and work and makes the patients’ quality of life decrease. A few patients even trigger deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and sudden death. What are the current treatment options? The main non-surgical treatment is the use of compression stockings, which keep the varicose veins in a state of atrophy by means of the pressure difference between the distal side and the proximal side, and also avoid prolonged standing and sitting. The aim is to slow down the progression of the disease and reduce the patient’s symptoms. The traditional surgical treatment of saphenous varicose veins is high saphenous vein ligation and stripping, and the expansion of the branches of the saphenous vein is performed by subcutaneous punctiform stripping with a blood drive or by continuous percutaneous superficial suture ligation. In recent years, minimally invasive surgery has become the direction of development in the treatment of saphenous varicose veins, and the main surgical procedures include endovenous laser treatment, endovenous radiofrequency ablation, TriVex system venous spinotomy, and ligature of traffic branches under lumpectomy. The mechanism of endovenous radiofrequency ablation for saphenous varicose veins is that a radiofrequency probe is introduced into the lumen of the varicose vein through a catheter, and the radiofrequency probe releases heat, causing the vein to collapse and char the structure. Endovenous laser treatment of saphenous varicose veins uses a laser to conduct energy through fiber optics, which boils the blood and causes collagen contracture and endothelial damage to the vein wall, leading to thickening and thrombosis of the vein wall. It is a minimally invasive treatment similar to radiofrequency ablation. The TriVex system is a minimally invasive treatment. The procedure is indicated in all cases of superficial varicose veins with patent deep veins including those with lower extremity superficial varicose veins with lower leg skin pigmentation, eczema-like skin dermatitis, ulcers, bleeding but no history of lower extremity swelling. After the operation, the patients were out of bed the next day without deep vein thrombosis and other complications in the lower limbs. Advantages of the operation: few and small incisions, only 3 mm in the calf, with cosmetic effect and unique advantages for women with limited limb varicose veins; short operation time; fast postoperative recovery, complete operation, not easy to miss, low recurrence rate, suitable for different types of varicose veins and varicose veins that have received injection treatment; avoid making incisions in the skin lesion area, which can reduce the postoperative incision non-healing or infection The best results are achieved in the treatment of severe superficial varicose veins of the lower leg. The laparoscopic femoral-saphenous vein ligation is performed for the lower 1/3 of the thigh, or the femoral-saphenous vein of the lower leg. The procedure is a thorough treatment of the deep and superficial venous traffic branches, which is less invasive and has good immediate efficacy, but the long-term efficacy needs to be further observed. Features of the provincial hospital The Department of Vascular Thyroid Ventral Wall Hernia Surgery of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, under the leadership of Director Peng Lin, has established a saphenous varicose vein treatment group, which is dedicated to the clinical treatment research of saphenous varicose vein and has strong strength in the surgical treatment of this disease, and is one of the few medical institutions in China that can carry out all minimally invasive surgeries at the same time. At present, the department can skillfully apply various treatment methods to individualize the treatment of patients, and adopt single or combined minimally invasive treatment methods according to the needs of different conditions, so that patients can suffer the least pain while using the shortest recovery time to get the best treatment effect.