Various abnormalities of the spine deviating from the midline are called scoliosis, usually accompanied by rotation of the spine, and can take many forms in terms of angle of deviation, characteristics and symptoms. Based on the direction of scoliosis, scoliosis is divided into “C” shaped scoliosis and S shaped scoliosis: C shaped scoliosis is characterized by a spinal curvature that is shifted to one side of the spine are concentrated in one area, such as the thoracic spine, and sometimes the lumbar spine. Left- or right-sided C-shaped abnormalities are determined by the direction of the curvature arc, i.e., when the spine is curved to the right, scoliosis is defined as a right-sided C-shape of the spine and vice versa. A clearly visible imbalance in body length can be a characteristic of this anomaly. 1, shoulder height inconsistency: that is, the shoulder height on that side of the bend is higher. 2.The distance between the scapula and the spine is inconsistent: the scapula on the concave side is closer to the midline. 3.The lower angle of the scapula on the concave side is lower. 4, Rib contour deformation: Rib contour deformation may have several shapes, for example, the ribs will protrude in thoracic spine rotation cases. 5.Iliac bone height inconsistency: the position of the iliac crest on the concave side is higher. 6.Inconsistency in the position of the arm and trunk: the arm on the bent side appears closer to the trunk. 7, Inconsistent subcutaneous fat layer in the lumbar and cervical regions: the concave side may have a subcutaneous fat fold layer. These external features of C-shaped anomalies are quite general and each case needs to be examined individually, as this type of scoliosis can take various forms and not all of the above symptoms are present. S-shaped: S-shaped scoliosis is characterized by at least two arcs that are offset from both sides from either side of the midline of the spine; for example, the upper arc is offset to the right in the thoracic portion of the spine and the lower arc is offset to the left in the lumbar portion of the spine. It is important to note that S-shaped scoliosis highlights one primary curvature, versus another compensatory curvature. Because the direction of deviation is different, treatment of this abnormal condition is more complex and requires more care. Possible causes of scoliosis: 1. Imbalance of antagonistic muscle groups located on both sides of the spine – Any number of factors can cause asymmetry in muscle tone, such as chronic poor movement habits, injury to the muscles on one side due to an accident, nerve problems, disease surgery, etc. 2, pelvic position asymmetry – any factor can cause such asymmetry, such as inconsistent lower limb length, offset hip position on one side, poor position of the foot and ankle, etc. 3.Developmental defects lead to asymmetrical development of the thorax or spine, such as hemivertebral deformity. 4.Rapid and unbalanced development of the skeletal system during puberty. 5. The control of spinal growth is affected by the lack of hormonal control, which occurs mainly in adolescent girls. Scoliosis is more common in adolescent children and should be detected and treated promptly to avoid its development into a very serious deformity that can affect cardiopulmonary function. School-age children should pay attention to maintaining good sitting and standing posture and strengthening muscle exercise. The key to preventing scoliosis is early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment, and knowledge of scoliosis prevention and treatment should be promoted within schools and regular scoliosis screening should be performed.