Will general anesthesia affect the intelligence of children, this issue is concerned by many parents, why pediatric surgery must use general anesthesia? This is because the psychological state of children and adults have obvious differences, pediatric surgery without general anesthesia, not only affect the implementation of the surgery and the results, but also cause mental trauma to the child. For children under 3 years old, because self-awareness has not yet formed, the baby can only cry to show their feelings, without the care of parents or guardians, the general performance of fear, if the surgery using local anesthesia, the child will be difficult to cooperate with the doctor. As for children over 3 years old, although they begin to have a certain psychological ability to tolerate, some of them are more quiet and cooperative after patient explanation before surgery. However, when they enter the operating room, they often have an increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure. Some children may be nervous, incoherent, or even trembling, especially during the anesthesia operation. This can reduce the body’s resistance, thus weakening the body’s tolerance to anesthetic drugs. In addition, due to the fear reaction, the gastrointestinal emptying time can be prolonged, intraoperative and postoperative vomiting or accidental aspiration can easily occur, and serious psychological reactions can cause psychological trauma in children, such as fear, nocturia, depression, anxiety, behavioral changes and other sequelae, which can be prolonged for several years, in addition to leading to plant nervous dysfunction, which is not conducive to anesthesia management. In order to reduce the adverse psychological effects of anesthesia on children, the best way is to let the child operate under general anesthesia without conscious awareness, which not only causes less pain to the child, but also creates a smooth and quiet operating environment for the surgeon, which is conducive to the smooth operation.