For thousands of years, clinical medicine in China has been centered on treatment, and the word “treatment” has been the main focus. The vast majority of scientific research investment in clinical medicine has also been devoted to “treatment”. Although great achievements have been made, the overall results are interesting. Take malignant tumors as an example, in the past 60 years since liberation, the five-year survival rate of most malignant tumors has not fundamentally improved. The current overall five-year survival rates are about 5-7% for lung cancer, 7.81% for stomach cancer, 3% for stage IV colon cancer, and 1-5% for pancreatic cancer, with the vast majority of cancer patients dying within 1-3 years. Is it because our doctors do not work hard and have poor standards, no, let’s look at the highest level. For liver cancer, look at the two liver cancer institutes in Shanghai, which can be considered the highest level in the world. They have broken through many forbidden areas in surgical methods and other aspects and received the highest awards. However, there is no fundamental difference in their five-year survival rate of liver cancer compared with other hospitals. For lung cancer, look at Shanghai ×× Hospital, which is the top level in China in chemotherapy for lung cancer. However, the survival period of lung cancer chemotherapy patients can only be measured in “months”. Currently, the average survival of the best lung cancer chemotherapy regimen: platinum-based conventional chemotherapy drugs and targeted therapy is only 12-14 months. Is it because of the poor standard of Chinese doctors, or not, let’s look at the highest level abroad. The five-year survival rate for lung cancer in the United States is less than 15%, and 22 European countries jointly conducted a survey of 42 types of cancer, 1.8 million people, and found that none of the malignant tumors had a five-year survival rate of more than 20%. The reason why they are slightly better than China is that their living standard is higher than ours, people’s health awareness is stronger than ours, and they see the doctor relatively earlier than us. Is it because the treatment is not complete? No, it is not. For example, in lung cancer, high-dose chemotherapy was once applied to the extent of bone marrow suppression, and then bone marrow transplantation was done later, but it turned out that it did not prolong survival and is no longer done. The most radical part is organ transplantation, for example, liver transplantation for liver cancer, which has been proven in a large number of cases across the country to not prolong survival either, and has been greatly cooled down. This shows that the poor efficacy of malignant tumors is not a problem of a certain doctor or even a certain country, but a problem of methodology. What would be the result if we think in a different way, pay attention to diagnosis and improve the diagnosis level? Let’s separate the statistics of early-stage cancer and look at its treatment effect to understand. The five-year survival rate of early stage lung cancer has exceeded 90%, the five-year survival rate of early stage gastric cancer 98.1%, stage I-II colorectal cancer 93%, microscopic pancreatic cancer >70%, and most of these patients continue to survive after five years, they can live 10 years, 20 years or even longer, their 10-year survival rates are: 93.5% for early stage gastric cancer, 85.5% for stage I-II colorectal cancer, 10.5% for small liver cancer (less than 3cm The 10-year survival rate of small liver cancer (less than 3cm, not all are early stage) is also close to 50%. From the above data, it is easy to see that there is a world of difference between the survival of early stage cancer and that of middle and late stage cancer. The fundamental way to prolong the survival of cancer patients lies in early diagnosis. The situation is similar for non-neoplastic diseases. In thrombotic diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, pulmonary embolism, peripheral vascular embolism, if the diagnosis is made clearly within two hours and thrombolytic treatment is carried out, the efficacy is almost 100%, within 6 hours, the efficacy is more than 90%, after 6 hours, the efficacy is halved, after 12 hours, the treatment is almost ineffective; in rheumatoid arthritis, if the diagnosis is made early, although it cannot be completely cured yet, it can basically be If rheumatoid arthritis is diagnosed early, although it is not completely cured, it can basically be cured without disability, but if it is misdiagnosed, more than 50% of patients will be crippled within two years; if tuberculosis is accurately diagnosed and treated in time, more than 90% of patients will be cured within one year, but if it is misdiagnosed, cavities will be formed and spread, especially if drug resistance is formed, it may not be cured for life. In chronic hepatitis cirrhosis, the 5-year survival rate is up to 55% when treatment is started in the compensated stage, and only 14% when treatment is started in the decompensated stage. However, diagnosis and differential diagnosis are very difficult, and together with the long-term neglect of diagnosis, the level of diagnosis is not high. Relevant information shows that the overall misdiagnosis rate is about 30% worldwide. On the internet, there are 153,000 cases of misdiagnosis in China, and the total misdiagnosis rate is 27.98%. Among them, there are more than 60,000 cases of malignant tumors, with a misdiagnosis rate of 39.77%. Early diagnosis is much more difficult, although there are no accurate statistics, the misdiagnosis rate is certainly more than 50%. The consequences of misdiagnosis are very serious. If benign is misdiagnosed as malignant, the patient will be opened in vain, do radiotherapy or chemotherapy in vain, and suffer from serious physical and mental disabilities. If malignant is misdiagnosed as benign, early treatment opportunities will be lost and survival will be greatly shortened. The seriousness of the problem is that people take this for granted. This is because this is the current situation in most hospitals. Are we helpless and powerless against malignant tumors? Of course not. In 2006, 175,000 cases of lung cancer were diagnosed in the U.S., and the population of China is 5 times that of the U.S. Moreover, the main causative factors of lung cancer: smoking and air pollution, are more serious in China than in the U.S. Even if the incidence rate is the same, the annual lung cancer cases in China should be around 875,000. The prognosis of lung cancer is not good, and according to the literature, the overall five-year survival rate of lung cancer in China is less than 7% (less than 5% for mid- to late-stage lung cancer), which is urgent for us to improve. At present, there are about 500 lung cancer beds in Shanghai: lung cancer beds in pulmonary hospitals; chemotherapy in chest hospitals, with about 400 beds; radiotherapy in cancer hospitals, with more than 200 beds; oncology, pulmonary and thoracic surgery in other hospitals, but they are still overcrowded, and most of the patients admitted in each hospital are mid- to late-stage patients due to difficulties in diagnosis. Therefore, the prognosis is very poor. As long as the government pays attention and organizes it rationally, it is expected that the accuracy rate of lung cancer diagnosis will be greatly improved, and thus the survival period of lung cancer patients will be greatly extended.