The difference between emphysema and pulmonary heart disease can be explained in terms of concept, cause, symptoms, and treatment. 1.Concept: (1) Emphysema: Emphysema is primarily the overinflation of the distal portions of the terminal fine bronchi of the lungs, including the respiratory fine bronchi, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli, or is caused by their enlargement or destruction of their walls. (2) Pulmonary heart disease: changes in the structure and function of the right ventricle due to increased pulmonary artery pressure caused by lesions of the pulmonary vasculature and thorax. 2. Etiology: (1) Emphysema: temporarily unknown, usually thought to be related to environmental factors (e.g., smoking, air pollution, etc.), genetic factors (e.g., α-antitrypsin deficiency, etc.). (2) Pulmonary heart disease: the main cause of acute pulmonary heart disease is pulmonary hypertension; the causes of chronic pulmonary heart disease include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and thoracic dyskinesia. 3. Symptoms: (1) Emphysema: the main symptom is progressive dyspnea, mostly aggravated after exertion. (2) Cor pulmonale: acute cor pulmonale starts sharply with chest tightness, dyspnea and even asphyxia; chronic cor pulmonale can be characterized by cough, shortness of breath and palpitation. 4. Treatment: (1) emphysema: use bronchodilators to control symptoms, such as salmeterol; aminoglutethimide hydrochloride to dispel phlegm; dextromethorphan to suppress cough. (2) Pulmonary heart disease: enhance immunity and prevent infection in compensated period; control infection, rational oxygen therapy, use diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide, cardiotonic agents such as mullein to control heart failure in decompensated period. If symptoms such as dyspnea occur, please consult the doctor in time, and actively treat the disease after clear diagnosis, and the above drugs need to be used in accordance with the doctor’s prescription.