Constipation is a functional disease characterized by dry stools, low stool volume, less than 3 bowel movements per week, and difficulty in defecation, which can be accompanied by a feeling of falling, rectal distension, etc. The disease still lacks a clear pathological anatomy and pathophysiological changes. (2) Diagnostic criteria for constipation: The current internationally accepted “Rome III Diagnostic Criteria for Constipation” revised in 2006 is recommended: (1) must include two or more of the following symptoms: ① at least 25% of the bowel movements are strained; ② at least 25% of the bowel movements are lumpy or hard; ③ at least 25% of the bowel movements have a sense of defecation At least 25% of the bowel movements had anorectal obstruction; ⑤ At least 25% of the bowel movements required manual assistance (e.g. finger picking, pelvic floor support); ⑥ Less than 3 bowel movements per week. (2) If laxatives are not used, loose stools are rarely seen. (3) The diagnosis of IBS is not well founded. Patients must have presented with symptoms 6 months prior to diagnosis and met the diagnostic criteria in the last 3 months. Based on clinical symptoms of constipation, there are three basic types: colonic transmission disorder and outlet obstruction. The outlet obstruction type is more common, and many patients complaining of constipation have abnormal rectal bowel movements.