It is also known as vanishing bone disease and ghost bone, and was first systematically described and defined by Gorham, so it is also known as Gorham’s disease. It is extremely rare in clinic, and the disease is self-limiting to a certain extent. Etiology: At present, the specific causes and pathogenesis of the disease are still unclear. Preliminary research suggests that it is related to the following factors: 1, hemangioma, lymphangioma theory This theory believes that the growth of hemangioma and lymphangioma in the bone leads to bone destruction and resorption, and some pathology confirms the existence of hemangioma; 2, metabolic disorder theory believes that it is a local metabolic abnormality that leads to bone destruction and resorption, but there is a lack of laboratory evidence. Pathology: the main manifestations of osteolysis, including bone trabeculae thinning, atrophy, disappearance, bone resorption, localized by proliferation of fibrous connective tissue, capillaries, blood sinusoids and plexiform vasculature replacement, and vasodilatation is obvious. Vascular endothelial cell growth is inactive, and there is no cellular heterogeneity. There is no infiltration of lymphocytes and other inflammatory cells, and there is no periosteal reaction, no new bone production in the surrounding area, and there may be pathologic fractures. Clinical manifestations: this disease is most common in children and young people, and can be found in many bones of the body, with the mandible, ribs and femur being the most common. Early stage of the disease lacks obvious clinical symptoms, with the development of the disease, local osteolysis is obvious, local pain, pressure pain aggravated, and pathological fracture occurs under the effect of trauma and so on. Imaging manifestations: mainly X-ray examination. The changes have local bone sparseness, irregular translucent area of bone, with the progress of the disease, the translucent area of bone increases in size, bone destruction and resorption, but there is no local periosteal reaction, no new bone formation, and there may be pathological fracture changes. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis: It can be clarified according to the patient’s history, physical signs, especially combined with X-ray examination. However, it needs to be differentiated from the following diseases: 1, simple osteoma-like changes are mostly seen in the long bones of the whole body, the patient has no systemic symptoms, local pathological fracture manifestation, X-ray examination can see a cystic destruction, there may be a border, the bone cortex may be intact, there is a periosteal reaction, which can be identified. 2, malignant tumors, local not only bone destruction, soft tissue is also obvious swelling, X-ray examination can see the periosteal reaction, new bone formation, and the pathology can confirm the diagnosis. Treatment and prognosis: Since this disease has a certain self-limitation, for those with insignificant symptoms, observation can be taken to deal with the disease, and attention should be paid to the protection to prevent the appearance of pathologic fracture. Some scholars also propose local radiotherapy, but the effect is not good; other hormone therapy, calcium therapy, A-2b interferon and clodronic acid treatment of Gorham’s disease. For the obvious bone resorption of long bones, some scholars also use surgical scraping, bone grafting, large bone resection, prosthesis, etc., but there are obvious recurrence.