Fibrous dysplasia is a common benign lesion, the cause of which is not well understood. It is usually single, but can be multiple but is rare, and the younger the age of the multiple cases, the more likely they are to lead to severe skeletal deformities. Fibrous dysplasia can coexist with other diseases, the most common of which are multiple fibrous dysplasia with skin café-au-lait spots, endocrine hypersecretion (e.g., pituitary dysfunction leading to gigantism and acromegaly, hyperthyroidism, enlarged parathyroid glands, and gynecomastia), and precocious puberty (early onset of menstruation in girls, with premature development of pubic hair and breasts). The clinical symptoms of fibrous dysplasia are mild, and many are discovered incidentally on X-ray examination of other lesions. The main clinical symptoms are pain, deformity and pathologic fracture. Pain may be related to fatigue fracture of the lesion under pressure, especially in the femoral neck area; the degree of deformity depends on the location, extent, age, and whether the lesion is single or multiple; with age and bone growth, multiple lesions in weight-bearing bones tend to produce bowing deformity, which, unlike single lesions, can continue to worsen after skeletal maturity; the occurrence of pathological fractures is related to a number of factors Multiple lesions, large lesions, the presence of pain, weight-bearing bone, and fibrous malarchitecture with metabolic abnormalities are prone to pathological fractures. Fibrous dysplasia is a benign lesion, many of which are incidentally detected on imaging; if the radiograph is typical of fibrous dysplasia, biopsy is not necessary to confirm the diagnosis. The decision to treat surgically or not is related to the patient’s age, site of origin, size, and growth characteristics. Single lesions remain active until skeletal maturity and may stabilize in adulthood, while multiple lesions may progress in adults; it is generally believed that patients before 12 years of age should be treated without surgery as much as possible, and the main purpose is to observe and prevent the occurrence of pathologic fracture and deformity, and if pathologic fracture occurs, it can be healed by appropriate external fixation, and fibrous dysplasia that occurs in the proximal part of the femur should be paid attention to the prevention of the occurrence of internal rotation of the hip, and inappropriate surgery may lead to recurrence. Inappropriate surgery is prone to the dangers of recurrence, implant resorption, loosening of internal fixation, and enlargement of the lesion. Surgery can be performed by scraping, osteotomy, appropriate bone grafting, and effective internal fixation, which can achieve good results if treated appropriately. After scraping and implantation of autogenous bone, the autogenous bone may be resorbed by the poorly structured lesion bone replacement, leading to lesion recurrence, especially in young patients. Therefore, allogeneic cortical bone implantation is preferred.