Renal biopsy puncture: the kidney is punctured with a renal puncture needle through the skin of the back into the subrenal aspiration to retrieve the material.
Indications.
1.Primary renal disease.
(1) Acute nephritis syndrome: when renal function is rapidly deteriorating and acute nephritis is suspected, puncture should be performed as early as possible, or the condition does not improve according to the treatment of acute nephritis for 2-3 months.
(2) Primary nephrotic syndrome: first treatment, renal puncture when hormone rule treatment is ineffective for 8 weeks, or first puncture and differentiated treatment according to pathological type.
(3) Asymptomatic hematuria: when the clinical diagnosis of deformed red blood cell hematuria is unclear. (4) Asymptomatic proteinuria: when the diagnosis of proteinuria persists >1g/d is unclear.
2.Secondary or hereditary renal disease: when the clinical suspicion is not confirmed, or when the clinical diagnosis is confirmed, but the renal pathological information is important to guide the treatment or judge the prognosis.
3, acute renal failure: clinical and laboratory tests can not determine its cause should be promptly punctured (including chronic kidney disease into the renal function of acute bad turn)
4, transplanted kidney: when the cause of significant renal function decline is unclear, or severe rejection reaction to decide whether to remove the transplanted kidney, or suspected recurrence of the original kidney disease in the transplanted kidney.
Absolute contraindications.
1, obvious bleeding tendency or severe hypertension.
2. psychiatric illness or non-cooperation with the operation.
3., isolated kidney.
4. small kidney.
Relative contraindications.
1. active pyelonephritis, renal tuberculosis, hydronephrosis or pus accumulation in the renal pelvis, renal abscess or perirenal abscess;
2, renal tumor or renal aneurysm;
3. Polycystic kidney or large cysts in the kidney;
4. kidney position is too high (deep inspiration of the lower pole of the kidney does not reach below the twelfth rib) or wandering kidney;
5. chronic renal failure;
6. excessive obesity;
7, severe ascites;
8, other: cardiac failure scorpion, severe anemia, hypovolemia, pregnancy or old age.