Lung cancer is a disease with a high incidence. What are the signs and symptoms? How to diagnose and treat?
In the past 50 years, the incidence rate of lung cancer has increased significantly worldwide. The incidence rate is up to 148/100,000 and the mortality rate is 520,000 per year, which accounts for 1/5 of all cancers. the age of onset is mostly above 40 years old and the ratio of men to women is 3-51.
The clinical manifestation of lung cancer is closely related to the location, size, whether the lung cancer compresses the adjacent organs and whether there is metastasis.
Early stage lung cancer, especially peripheral lung cancer, often has no symptoms and is mostly detected during X-ray examination. If the lung cancer occurs in larger bronchus, it may cause irritating cough after growing up, which is easily misdiagnosed as cold and flu. When the cancer continues to grow and affects the drainage, secondary infection may occur. There is an increased amount of pus sputum. Another common symptom is bloody sputum, usually blood in the sputum, blood shreds or intermittent coughing of blood in small amounts. Coughing up large amounts of blood is rare. Some patients may also develop chest tightness, asthma, shortness of breath, fever, or chest pain.
Patients in advanced stages may develop the following symptoms.
Hoarseness, angry veins in the face, neck and upper limbs, subcutaneous edema, bloody pleural effusion, and difficulty swallowing. Hematogenous metastases may present with different symptoms of metastatic organs.
Early diagnosis is of great significance, and only early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment can achieve better results. For this reason, education on cancer prevention should be widely carried out to discourage smoking and establish and build a complete lung cancer prevention and treatment network.
X-ray examinations should be conducted every six months for adults over 40 years of age.
Long-standing cough or bloody sputum above middle age should be examined circumstantially.
The diagnosis of lung cancer should be considered first when swollen and fast shadows are found in the lungs on chest X-ray. It is advisable to conduct detailed further examination and not to give up the diagnosis of lung cancer easily or delay it. At present, 80% of lung cancer cases lose the opportunity of surgical treatment at the time of definite diagnosis. Therefore, improving early diagnosis is a very urgent issue.
The main methods to diagnose lung cancer are
1.X-ray examination: including X-ray chest film, chest CT
2.Sputum cytology examination.
3.Bronchoscopy.
4.Mediastinoscopy.
5.Radionuclide scan (mercury chloride)
6, transthoracic puncture lung biopsy.
7, biopsy of metastatic lesions
8, pleural fluid cytology.
9.Thoracotomy exploration.
10.VATS
Treatment methods.
1.Surgical treatment
2.Radiation therapy
3.Chemotherapy: action throughout the body
4.Chinese medicine, herbal medicine
5.Immunotherapy
What is the difference in treatment effect between early stage and middle and late stage lung cancer? (We will talk about the good effect of early stage) So it seems that early diagnosis is the key to lung cancer treatment, then can thoracoscopic surgery give us a head start? (We will talk about the advantages of thoracoscopic surgery)
According to international lung cancer TNM stage, its calendar year survival rate is stage I > stage II > stage IIIA > stage IIIB > stage IV.
①80% is middle and late stage.
②Resection rate: 85%~97%
③5-year survival rate: 30-40%
Early stage 75%, stage II 40%; stage III 22-28%
From the above, we can see that the 5-year survival rate of early-stage lung cancer and mid- to late-stage lung cancer is significantly higher.