In 2020, 24 million people worldwide are expected to die from cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis, of which 9.3 million die between the ages of 30 and 69 years, with a significant increase in deaths among people aged 35 to 45 years and the onset of cardiovascular disease 10 to 20 years earlier. A series of early intervention studies of atherosclerosis in children and young adults and animal studies have confirmed that effective control of early pathological stages before the appearance of symptoms A series of early intervention studies in children and young adults with atherosclerosis and animal studies have confirmed that effective control of pathogenic factors in the early pathological stages before the onset of symptoms will delay or prevent the development of asymptomatic atherosclerosis into clinical disease. Unhealthy lifestyles, including dietary imbalance, physical inactivity and smoking, are not only important risk factors for chronic diseases such as overweight and obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, but also directly contribute to vascular endothelial function damage, enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress, and promote thrombosis. Improving unhealthy lifestyle is still the cornerstone to reduce the incidence of atherosclerotic disease. 1, smoking Recent studies have shown that nicotine acts on the intima of arteries to cause fatty lesions, damage the inner walls of arteries, promote platelet aggregation, monocyte adhesion, increase the oxidation of LDL cholesterol, affect endothelium-dependent coronary diastole, and reduce endothelial blood flow in arteries. Nicotine significantly affects the expression of several genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory responses in macrophages, while decreasing aopA-Ⅰ-mediated cholesterol efflux. Moreover, smoking leads to an increase in the levels of inflammatory markers. Nicotine-containing nasal sprays used as alternative therapeutic agents for smokers who quit also increase the risk of heart disease. Platelet aggregation improved after just 2 weeks of smoking cessation; HDL increased significantly after 4 weeks of smoking cessation. Within 2 years of quitting smoking, the risk of myocardial infarction or stroke was reduced by 50%. The risk of stroke returns to the same level as normal nonsmoking after 5 years of quitting, and the risk of oral, esophageal, and bladder cancers is halved; the risk of lung cancer is halved after 10 years, and the risk of cerebrovascular emergencies is the same as that of nonsmokers. In addition, quitting smoking can reduce the incidence and mortality of stroke and tumors, improve patients’ quality of life, and reduce the heavy economic burden due to smoking-related diseases. The implementation of the smoking cessation process requires the joint participation of sociology, behavioral medicine, psychological medicine, and biomedicine. In 2008, the U.S. Public Health Service issued new clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of tobacco use and tobacco dependence, which set forth the five “A” framework for quitting tobacco use: ask about Ask about smoking, use clear, firm, and personalized language to urge each smoker to quit, assess the desire to quit, help each smoker make a quit attempt, provide pharmacotherapy and counseling, and arrange follow-up visits. Nicotine replacement therapy increases the chance of successful cessation by a factor of 1 compared to placebo. Nicotine-selective receptor antagonists have a high affinity for nicotine receptors and indirectly act as an anti-nicotine-generated dependence, while blocking nicotine-related effects. Antidepressants bupropion and nortriptyline help to quit smoking and increase the chances of successful cessation by one. 2, diet Limit fat intake unreasonable dietary allocation and secondary apolipoprotein abnormalities are important factors that cause atherosclerotic lesions. Reducing fat intake, especially saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids and cholesterol can reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis. Dietary fiber can adsorb bile acids in the intestinal lumen, reduce the amount of reabsorption and block the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, allowing more cholesterol to be converted into bile salts and excreted, thus reducing the incidence of stroke and myocardial infarction. Yogurt or milk can reduce the concentration of cholesterol in the serum, and milk also contains a large amount of calcium, which can also reduce the absorption of cholesterol. Salt intake Moderate restriction of sodium intake is positive in the prevention and treatment of hypertension, but overly strict sodium restriction may have adverse effects on blood lipids and insulin sensitivity by activating the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems. Potassium intake to improve the dietary potassium/sodium ratio is another important blood pressure regulation measure in addition to salt restriction, and it is recommended that adults consume at least 120 mmol of potassium per day. Alcohol consumption is not currently recommended as a method of cardiovascular disease prevention by consuming small amounts of alcohol. 3, exercise, weight loss and obesity Some studies have shown that people who adhere to light and fast sports and exercise than people who do not participate in sports or occasionally exercise and exercise vigorously suffer from cerebral cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, the incidence of progeria reduced by 35%, their life expectancy will be significantly extended by 4 to 6 years. In overweight individuals, even a mild weight loss (equivalent to 5% to 10% of initial body weight) can cause significant improvements in blood pressure, blood lipids and glucose tolerance and or insulin resistance. 4, reduce mental stress, maintain a balanced psychology Long-term mental stress and depression are associated with increased plasma adrenaline concentration and chronic sympathetic excitation. And sympathetic excitation and elevated plasma levels of catecholamines can cause platelet activation, macrophage activation, upregulation of inflammatory molecule expression, resulting in abnormal vascular endothelial function, the occurrence of hypertension, etc. 5, prevention and control of hyperlipidemia Statin meta-analysis results show that a 10% reduction in LDL levels can reduce the carotid intima-media thickness by 0.73%/year and reduce the risk of stroke by about 16%. The commonly used lipid-regulating drugs include statins, resins, fibrates, niacin, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and others such as fish oil preparations, probucol, and plant extracts of polyhexanols. New lipid-lowering drugs, such as Rosuvastatin calcium, have stronger effects on lowering total cholesterol, LDL, and triacylglycerol than other statins currently available, and have a good safety profile. The first-line treatment for low HDL-C is still lifestyle change, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors can improve abnormal lipid metabolism, raise HDL-cholesterol, prevent obesity, increase insulin sensitivity, and provide a new pharmacological pathway to prevent and treat atherosclerosis. New pharmacological pathways for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.