The common causes of rectal mucosal congestion and edema include: inflammatory bowel disease, pathogenic infection, antibiotic abuse, radiation therapy, etc. 1. Inflammatory bowel disease: common including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, etc. When the disease is more serious, it is likely to involve the rectal mucosa, resulting in rectal mucosal congestion, edema and other manifestations. 2. Pathogen infection: for example, if the rectal mucosa is infected by herpes virus, chlamydia and other microbial infections, it will easily lead to damage to the rectal mucosa, resulting in congestion, edema and other manifestations. If the patient has secondary infection after rectal surgery, it is easy to cause medical proctitis, which will also produce rectal mucosal congestion, edema and other manifestations. 3. Abuse of antibiotics: if the patient does not follow the doctor’s instructions for long-term abuse of antibiotics, it is easy to lead to the emergence of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria, at the same time, it will also lead to bacterial imbalance, which will lead to rectal mucosal congestion, edema. 4. Radiation therapy: for example, in the use of radiation therapy patients prostate, rectum and other lesions, radiation therapy is likely to involve the rectum, resulting in rectal mucosa congestion, edema performance. A variety of diseases can lead to rectal mucosa congestion, edema, it is recommended to go to the regular hospital in a timely manner, improve the examination, a clear diagnosis and then follow the doctor’s instructions to be treated accordingly.