Some hepatitis B patients have some misconceptions about their medication, thinking that antiviral drugs should be used from old to new and from second to best. This misconception has led many patients to neglect initial treatment, which has delayed the best time for treatment and caused more problems for later treatment. In fact, the initial treatment plan for hepatitis B is very important in delaying the onset of drug resistance. A growing number of studies have found that early virologic response is an important predictor of the incidence of drug resistance. The lower the viral suppression early in treatment, the less likely drug resistance will occur. Therefore, patients with hepatitis B should pay particular attention to initial treatment and, if financially possible, should choose drugs with strong antiviral capacity and low rates of drug resistance.” As hepatitis B is a chronic disease that requires long-term medication, many patients choose inexpensive, reimbursable medications based on “economic principles”. As the first nucleoside antiviral drug widely used in the clinical treatment of hepatitis B, lamivudine has become the first choice of many hepatitis B patients because of its cheap price and its status as a medically insured drug. However, with the widespread clinical application, the resistance problem of lamivudine has become the biggest burden that adds additional treatment to patients. At present, the four major nucleoside antiviral drugs widely used in clinical practice are lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir and telbivudine, among which lamivudine has the highest drug resistance. According to the survey, the three-year resistance rate of lamivudine is more than 50%, and the four-year resistance rate is nearly 70%, which shows that its resistance rate is still very high. Once resistance occurs, it will lead to a series of serious clinical consequences such as failure of existing antiviral therapy, rebound of the virus, elevated ALT (glutamate aminotransferase) and recurrence of hepatitis. At this point, doctors need to consider changing the existing antiviral treatment regimen (switching or adding drugs), and at the same time, patients need to increase the frequency of follow-up visits and examinations in order to control drug resistance. The results of the study “Management of Resistance to Chronic Hepatitis B Antiviral Therapy” published in June 2008 showed that among the additional treatment costs that patients need to bear after the onset of drug resistance, the cost of specialist visits, inpatient treatment, and drug resistance testing alone will add about RMB 4,000 in additional costs for each patient in the first year after the onset of drug resistance, and these do not include the cost of the treatment drugs themselves, patient transportation costs for medical visits, lost wages, etc. On the other hand, from the point of view of the time cost caused by drug resistance, patients need to increase the frequency of follow-up visits and examinations since the onset of drug resistance, which all add additional time cost to drug-resistant patients. Therefore, in terms of long-term pharmacoeconomics, choosing a drug with strong antiviral ability and low resistance rate can really reduce the cost of treatment. However, how to make it possible for patients to sustain long-term effective antiviral therapy within their current affordability has become another pressing challenge. Expanding the scope of medical insurance drugs brings new hope for more patients. In recent years, with the introduction of the new health insurance policy, we can see a series of improvement measures taken by the government in the problem of difficult and expensive access to medical care for the people. “If more drugs for hepatitis B could become medically insured, we would be willing to choose good drugs for treatment.” This is the voice of many hepatitis B “comrades” that the reporter heard at this lecture. Indeed, the huge financial burden makes many patients unable to afford the full cost of treatment, and choosing medically insured drugs may be the only option to help them reduce the financial pressure. From a therapeutic point of view, they prefer to let patients use drugs like entecavir, which has strong antiviral ability and low resistance rate. However, lamivudine is cheap and is a medically insured drug, a huge economic advantage that becomes the main reason why many patients prefer it, and as doctors must also consider the affordability of the patient, otherwise once the financial pressure is not tolerated at a later stage and leads to discontinuation of the drug, the consequences will be more serious that way. So the final decision on what drugs to use, doctors will still respect the views of patients, but this “respect” may bring greater harm to patients. The hepatitis B “comrades” have been defending the rights of the liver and gallbladder forum rights version of the moderator Lu Jun, also said in an interview with reporters, so that more patients with good drugs to improve the cure rate, is also their hope. Therefore, in their next work plan, they will also prepare “expanding the scope of medical insurance for hepatitis B drugs” as a proposal. If these proposals are adopted by the government, it is believed that more hepatitis B patients will benefit, and the current situation of hepatitis B treatment will have great social significance.