Inhalation injury is a chemical injury to the respiratory tract caused by the inhalation of toxic fumes or chemicals, which can directly damage the lung parenchyma in severe cases. It occurs mostly in large areas, especially in patients with head and facial burns. Moderate inhalation injury refers to injury above the tracheal ridge, including the pharynx and trachea. Clinical manifestations include irritated cough, hoarseness, dyspnea, soluble carbon particles and detached tracheal mucosa in sputum, laryngeal edema leading to airway obstruction, and inspiratory stridor. The breath sounds on lung auscultation are weak or coarse, and occasionally croup and dry rales can be heard. Patients are often complicated by bronchitis and aspiration pneumonia. Aspiration injury should be noted when there is a history of confined environment ignition or flame burns, and clinical manifestations such as deep burns around the mouth and nose, burnt nasal hairs, hoarseness, painful or difficult swallowing, irritating cough, carbon particles in the sputum, and early rales on auscultation of the lungs. When available, fiberoptic bronchoscopy should be performed, which can clarify the site and degree of tracheal and bronchial injury. Regular chest X-ray, timely blood gas analysis and carboxyhemoglobin measurement to understand respiratory function and lung lesions.