Due to inhalation of high heat vapor, mistakenly drinking boiling water, head and neck burns due to inhalation of flame or dry hot air to mucosal burns, high heat vapor damage to the mucosa is heavier than dry hot gas, the vapor encounters the mucosa and condenses, releasing latent heat damage to the mucosa. The lesion initially shows mucosal congestion, edema, and erosion, and shows fibrin exudation, forming a white film. Mucosal edema begins 1 to 2 hours after the injury and reaches a peak in 4 to 8 hours, and the edema gradually subsides after 2 to 3 days, and the white film is shed to form ulcers of varying depths. In severe cases, local tissue necrosis, even causing esophageal or tracheal perforation. After about 10 days, the ulcer is regenerated into granulation tissue, the tissue becomes fibrous and gradually forms a scar, and scar adhesions and stenosis gradually appear in 4-6 weeks. Prevention and treatment of infection after inhalation injury, due to airway and lung damage, cilia function destruction, airway secretions and foreign bodies can not be timely discharge, local and systemic resistance decline, etc., often lead to airway and lung infection. Once infected, if not treated in time, it can be complicated by acute respiratory failure and become an important focus of systemic infection and induce sepsis. Thorough removal of foreign bodies and detached necrotic mucosal tissue in the airway and unobstructed drainage are the basic measures to prevent and treat infection, followed by strict aseptic technique and disinfection and isolation, strict control of trauma-lung-trauma bacterial cross-infection; regular smear and culture of airway secretions, and selection of sensitive antibiotics. In addition, systemic supportive therapy should be strengthened to improve the immune function of the body, which is of rational significance in the prevention and treatment of infection.