What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterized by airflow limitation, which is not completely reversible and progressive; the cause is not well understood, but is thought to be related to the abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to harmful gases or harmful particles.  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is currently the 4th leading cause of death worldwide In 2000, WHO estimated that 2.74 million people died from COPD worldwide, and COPD may affect up to 600 million people each year Clinical manifestations: 1. chronic cough.  2. Coughing white mucous sputum, plasma foam sputum.  3, shortness of breath, dyspnea COPD hallmark symptoms.  4, wheezing, chest tightness.  5, weight loss loss of appetite.  Diagnosis gold standard: Pulmonary function test.  Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation: A proven non-pharmacological treatment for COPD. Useful supplement to conventional drug therapy.  Introduce 2 types of respiratory exercise methods: Lip retraction breathing: is a kind of respiratory rehabilitation training technique that is easy for patients to master.  The method is: the patient shuts up and inhales through the nose for 2~3 seconds, then shrinks the lips like whistling mouth, slowly exhales for 4~6 seconds, the size of the shrunken lips is adjusted by the patient’s own choice when exhaling, and the exhalation strength can make the flame of the candle at 15~500px from the lips tilt without extinguishing.  Abdominal breathing: also known as diaphragmatic breathing, the chest is kept as still as possible when breathing, and the abdomen is bulged when inhaling with a deep nasal inhalation, and slowly exhaled when exhaling with the lips retracted and the abdomen retracted as much as possible. Exhalation time should be 1~2 times longer than inhalation time.