Chronic bronchitis, commonly known as “slow bronchitis”, is a chronic non-specific inflammation of the bronchial mucosa and surrounding tissues. It is a common respiratory disease among middle-aged and elderly people, manifested clinically as chronic cough, sputum, with or without chest tightness and shortness of breath. It is a common respiratory disease among middle-aged and elderly people. It mostly develops in the cold season of winter and spring, and the symptoms are mild in the early stage, and can be present all year round as the disease progresses. The most common and major cause of chronic bronchitis is smoking. Cigarettes contain tar, nicotine and other chemicals that can directly damage the airways, leading to bronchial dysfunction, bronchial constriction, and increased secretion of bronchial glands, which can easily lead to secondary infections. Toxic oxygen radicals in cigarette smoke can damage lung elastic fibers, leading to the occurrence of emphysema. 2, atmospheric pollution: atmospheric sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, chlorine and ozone can directly damage the bronchial tubes, indoor oil fumes and soot from biofuels can also damage the bronchial tubes. 3, occupational dust and chemical substances: when the exposure to airborne silica, coal dust and other occupational dust and organic chemical substances, such as the concentration is too high or too long, can lead to airway damage. 4, infection: infection is one of the important factors in the occurrence and development of chronic bronchitis. Viral, mycoplasma or bacterial infections are the main cause of acute attacks of chronic bronchitis. Bacterial infections mostly occur on the basis of airway damage after viral or mycoplasma infections. 5. Allergic factors: Some patients with chronic bronchitis are allergic to pollen, dust mites, etc. These allergens can cause damage to the airways through harmful immune reactions. 6, season: acute attacks of chronic bronchitis are common in winter, as cold, dry air can weaken the defensive function of the airways, causing increased secretion of bronchial glands and bronchial constriction, which is conducive to secondary infection. 7, age: the elderly adrenal cortical function decline, the respiratory tract local defense function and systemic immune function is reduced, autonomic dysfunction, malnutrition, these factors can make the onset of chronic bronchitis increased. 8, genetic factors. The common symptoms of chronic bronchitis are slow in onset and long in duration, with colds often being the trigger. The common symptoms are chronic cough, coughing, or shortness of breath, with or without wheezing. The symptoms are mild in the early stages of the disease, and gradually worsen as the disease progresses. 1. Cough: In the early stage, the cough is obvious after waking up in the morning and can be triggered by smoking or smelling irritating gases. In the late stage, the cough is more pronounced at night and is often paroxysmal before bedtime, often accompanied by coughing up sputum. As the disease develops, the number of coughs, the duration of coughs, and the degree of coughs slowly increase. 2. Coughing sputum: mostly white mucous sputum or foamy sputum, mainly in the morning. Coughing sputum can be caused by stimulating the airway when smoking, and can also be caused by exposure to dry and cold air in the late stage. In the acute attack period, there is often bacterial infection, cough and sputum increase, and yellow pus sputum can be coughed up, sometimes accompanied by fever. 3. Shortness of breath or wheezing: In the early stage, there is no shortness of breath, but when the disease progresses and combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, shortness of breath gradually appears during physical activity. In contrast, patients with wheezing chronic bronchitis often show symptoms of wheezing during acute attacks. The diagnosis is established when there is a clinical cough, coughing sputum with or without shortness of breath and wheezing, the onset of which lasts for at least three months each year and for two consecutive years or more, and when other known causes of chronic cough are excluded. The diagnosis can also be made if the onset lasts for less than three months per year and there is a clear objective examination basis (e.g. chest radiograph). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is diagnosed when the pulmonary function tests meet FEV1/FVC <70%. The early symptoms of the disease are mild, mostly occurring in the cold season, and are not taken seriously by patients, and are often mistaken for colds, and are only seen in hospitals when the symptoms are severe or when there is chest tightness and shortness of breath and other diseases. Complications Chronic bronchitis is often complicated by obstructive emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, pneumonia, chronic pulmonary heart disease and other diseases. Therefore, chest X-ray, pulmonary function, arterial blood gas, blood routine, sputum culture and other tests are usually needed to understand the severity of the disease and whether it is combined with other diseases. V. Treatment Vigilance and awareness of the disease should be raised, early diagnosis and treatment, early cessation of smoking and avoidance of exposure to harmful particles or air, so as to get twice the result with half the effort. 1.Treatment of acute attack: The purpose is to control infection, reduce the number and severity of acute attacks, and improve exercise tolerance and quality of life. ①Anti-infective treatment: anti-infective drugs are selected according to the results of sputum bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test, and empirical treatment can be taken for those who fail to identify the pathogenic bacteria. Commonly used drugs include amoxicillin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone, etc., which are recommended to be used under the guidance of doctors. ②Bronchodilators: commonly used are salbutamol, aminophylline, theophylline extended-release tablets, doxorubicin, ipratropium bromide inhaler, etc. (③Expectorants: commonly used are aminoglutethimide, Bisopin, N-acetylcysteine, etc. ④Anti-allergic reactions: commonly used drugs include cetirizine, keratan, etc., which can be used at the discretion of the doctor. ⑤ Hormonal drugs: such as prednisone, dexamethasone, must be used in small doses for a short period of time under the guidance of a doctor. 2. Treatment in the stable period: ① Quit smoking and drinking, avoid exposure to harmful gases and dust, and avoid contact with allergic substances. ②Prevent cold and flu, usually pay attention to dressing and keeping warm. ③Respiratory function exercise, through respiratory function exercise can enhance the muscle strength and endurance of respiratory muscles, can be abdominal breathing, lip reduction and exhalation, moderate physical exercise. ④Strengthen the exercise of cold tolerance. ⑤ Maintain an optimistic and stable mood. ⑥Rational medication, you can use wheezing and phlegm-relieving drugs. For those who are older than 65 years old, those who have chronic underlying diseases or those who are repeatedly hospitalized, annual influenza vaccination is recommended (once in autumn or once each in autumn and winter). The chronic bronchitis diet and living chronic bronchitis patients have malnutrition, need to strengthen nutrition, can eat high protein food, such as eggs, lean meat, milk, fish, soy products, etc.. In the cold season, you need to eat a moderate amount of meat with high calorie content such as mutton and dog meat to enhance the cold ability, but patients with allergies should avoid eating beef, dog meat and other easily allergenic foods. At the same time, fresh vegetables and fruits should be eaten frequently to replenish vitamins and trace elements. The room should be ventilated frequently to maintain the proper temperature and humidity in the room.