Dementia caused by cerebrovascular disease is called vascular dementia. Dementia can occur after multiple cerebrovascular diseases, or after a severe stroke in individuals. Once the cerebrovascular disease occurs, the energy metabolism of the lesioned area decreases significantly, and a significant inflammatory reaction occurs in the relevant area, generating a large number of free radicals, which, through a series of damage reactions, leads to a significant decrease in the content of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter related to learning and memory, and a decrease in the activity of the enzyme that synthesizes acetylcholine in the brain, eventually leading to Cholinergic deficits, progressive death of neuronal cells in the relevant brain regions, and learning and memory impairment in patients. The core symptoms in the early stages of dementia are memory loss and executive skills impairment. If an older adult develops these cognitive deficits within 3 months of the discovery of vascular disease, it is essentially safe to assume that the symptoms are associated with vascular disease. This should be the best time for treatment. It is recommended that a dementia specialist should be seen promptly. (However, it is often the case that the patient himself or his family often focus on the patient’s physical activity impairment ignoring the changes in intelligence until the patient wanders off or develops personality changes or psychiatric symptoms, at which point the patient has entered severe dementia and the condition is irreversible).