With an increasingly aging population, the absolute and relative prevalence of vascular dementia disease in the elderly has increased significantly. One study found that vascular lesions are the second largest category of causes of dementia, after Alzheimer’s disease. Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia in the elderly. Vascular dementia has a fast and slow onset, with some patients developing it after a single cerebral infarction, and others developing it gradually without an apparent cerebrovascular attack. Its condition is progressive in a stepwise manner, occurring and progressing one at a time, superimposed one at a time, until the dementia is severe and becomes full-blown dementia. The main manifestations of vascular dementia are: dementia symptoms and somatic symptoms of the vascular brain. There is usually a history of hypertension and atherosclerosis, and cranial CT examinations can show the presence of cerebrovascular lesions. Mental retardation is mainly due to the loss of proximal memory and reduced working ability, especially the names of people, places, dates and numbers are most easily forgotten. The decrease of working ability is firstly manifested by the decrease of working efficiency and the difficulty of mental work, such as thinking ability and comprehension. As the disease progresses, the patient’s memory, comprehension, and analytical and synthesizing abilities become more pronounced, but the patient’s judgment is not significantly impaired for a long time and orientation is relatively intact. In the advanced stage of the disease, patients show slow thinking, difficulty in association, different degrees of impairment in speech expression, poor memory of not only near events but also distant events, and changes in behavior and personality, such as not recognizing relatives, not knowing hunger, not knowing warmth and cold, having an eccentric temper or indifferent emotions, and not even being able to take care of themselves in daily life. Patients suffer from damage to the brain as a result of vascular encephalopathy, which leads to other physical, brain-dominant dysfunctions. Patients may exhibit different symptoms depending on the part of the brain damaged by the vascular lesion. In lesions of the left hemisphere of the brain, symptoms such as aphasia, loss of use, loss of writing, and loss of reading may be manifested; in lesions of the right hemisphere of the brain, visual disturbances may be manifested; in lesions of the anterior cerebral artery, emotional indifference, self-talk, and lack of will may be manifested; in lesions of the middle cerebral artery, symptoms such as aphasia and disorders of consciousness may be manifested; in lesions of the posterior cerebral artery, symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and partial blindness may be manifested; in lesions of the thalamus, patients may have hyperactivity, In lesions of the thalamus, patients may have symptoms such as hyperactivity, light paralysis, amnesia, apathy, etc. Other symptoms include psychomotor retardation, personality changes, emotional instability, etc.