Mental disorders due to cerebrovascular disease (old name vascular dementia) are mental disorders caused by ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease (such as cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage) and are the two main types of dementia in old age along with Alzheimer’s disease (old name Alzheimer’s disease). It usually develops at the age of 50-60 years. In recent years, the age of onset tends to be more middle-aged, with more men than women. The duration of the disease can be as short as 2 months or as long as 20 years, with an average of 5.2 years. The disease generally progresses slowly, fluctuates and changes, and is often sharply aggravated by “stroke”, but the symptoms can be relieved when the compensation is good. The early manifestations are mainly headache and dizziness, numbness of the limbs, insomnia, tinnitus, etc. There may be recent mild memory impairment, inattention and some emotional changes, without obvious dementia, so this manifestation is often referred to as “brain weakness syndrome”. However, as the disease progresses, mental symptoms may appear, such as slurred pronunciation, difficulty swallowing, muscle paralysis, inability to recognize people and objects, urinary incontinence, hemiplegia, hearing voices out of thin air (hallucinations), seeing things that do not exist (hallucinations), or emotional fragility and irritability, crying and laughing, etc. Prevention of vascular dementia must start at a young age. Hypertensive disorders, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cerebral atherosclerosis, heart disease, smoking, and being male are all high risk factors. It is important to establish a good lifestyle and diet, strengthen exercise, refrain from smoking and alcohol, regulate diet to prevent excessive obesity, and also develop a cheerful personality; in old age, we must also continue to study, strengthen memory training, actively participate in social activities, and maintain an optimistic mood. For patients who have developed vascular dementia, they should go to the hospital for systematic treatment as soon as possible. The main purpose is to improve cerebral blood flow, prevent cerebral infarction and promote cerebral metabolism to stop deterioration and relieve symptoms.