Using the most advanced research methods and equipment, such as neuroimaging, molecular biology, and optogenetics, scientists have conducted the most extensive and in-depth research on the human brain, the most complex organ in terms of material structure and function known to date. Nevertheless, there are still many mysteries that have not been understood by humans. The study of the brain is likely to be endless, perhaps never ending. Neurobiologists and psychiatrists have found that abnormalities in many brain regions, neural circuits, and their neurotransmitters, neuroelectrical activity, neurotrophic factors, and neuromechanics in the brain, such as the prefrontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC), amygdala, vomeronasal nucleus, and hippocampus, are closely related to brain function and its psychiatric disorders. These abnormalities also have important associations with brain nerve cell numbers, nerve fiber orientation, nerve fiber length, nerve cell inflammatory responses, immune responses, and even emotional states. Studies using tools such as PET have also found that when the metabolism of neural loops (there are large, small and microloops that make up the neural network) is enhanced or reduced it can cause psychiatric disorders, and many treatments, including pharmacotherapy, cognitive psychotherapy and surgery, are now available to adjust the metabolic abnormalities of neural loops. The study of brain regions and neural circuits is becoming more and more detailed, such as the study of the cingulate gyrus, which is considered to be the center of the brain network because of the extensive connection between the cingulate gyrus and the cortex, such as the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, and the extensive connection with the striatum, corpus callosum, hippocampus, and amygdala. In particular, the anterior cingulate gyrus is involved in many complex, somatic, visceral motor and pain responses. Surgery of this area can treat anxiety, obsessions, paranoia, delusions, and hallucinations. Recent studies have found that the dorsolateral region belongs to the “cognitive subregion” while the rostral and ventral regions belong to the “emotional subregion”. The former focuses on the regulation of cognitive functions, while the latter focuses on the regulation of emotions. For example, the anterior limb of the internal capsule has extensive connections with the frontal lobe, thalamus and limbic structures, and is an important target for the treatment of hallucinations, obsessive-compulsive disorder, catatonia and depression. Another example is the amygdala, a neural cluster in the brain shaped like an almond, which is only 11mm-13mm in size but has been divided by scientists into 3 subregions, now subdivided into 11 more nuclei. The nerve fibers emanating from this tiny nucleus are widely distributed to several regions of the brain and have important functional connections to these regions. The amygdala is involved in the regulation of emotions, behavior, visceral activity and autonomic functions, and is an important nucleus for the regulation of emotions, especially fearful emotions, including the recognition of fearful emotions, the response and production of scary behaviors, and the memory of fearful emotions are all related to it. Metaphorically, the experience of orgasm in a normal person is assumed to be 1. The pleasure produced by drug addiction may be 40 times greater than that of orgasm, so the addict will pursue this peak experience. When the addiction is over, this experience is not as significant as before, and is replaced by withdrawal symptoms, i.e., the pain that comes after stopping using drugs. The pain is gone. So the use of drugs in the later stages of addiction is to prevent the pain of withdrawal symptoms. And these experiences, both pleasant and painful, are then buried deep in their brains. As soon as they see drugs or even scenes related to drug use, such as syringes and needles, not to mention white powder. The repeated reinforcement of this drug experience creates a permanent memory in the nerve cells of the brain, and this is the addiction of the addict, which cannot be eliminated by drugs and other treatments. “Only through surgery can the material basis of the addiction be partially destroyed in order to fundamentally remove the addiction. This is why surgery is currently the most effective means of treating substance dependence. Another example is the psychiatric patient, who is very hot-tempered and will fight to the death when he sees his relatives, with no regard for family feelings. Other patients are sensitive and suspicious, others unintentionally glance at him or unintentionally spit, he thought it was hostile to him or think it is deliberately targeted at him, etc.. This may be due to the abnormal function of the prefrontal lobes and amygdala, which may judge normal interpersonal phenomena as hostile (misjudgment due to abnormal prefrontal lobes) and act aggressively (excessive fearful reaction of the amygdala to normal phenomena). We normal people have two neurotransmission pathways to external sounds and things we see, one is the direct pathway, which immediately conducts to the amygdala, and in the pathological condition, there is a fearful overreaction to stimuli and violent aggressive behavior, and the other pathway reaches the cerebral cortex first, and normal people will analyze through judgment and make rational responses or restrain themselves from overreacting, while in the pathological state they cannot positively understand Understanding and judgment, together with the fear recognition made by the amygdala leads to violent aggressive behavior. Therefore, in many cases, the violent aggressive behavior produced by psychiatric patients has very serious and terrible consequences, even cruel, and the medication is not effective. Surgery, on the other hand, destroys a part of the nerve cells that produce fear, and the effect is remarkable, something that drugs simply cannot achieve and is permanent, while drug treatment, even if effective, is short-lived and prone to relapse. In conclusion, surgery on the amygdala is very effective for mania, impulsivity, aggressive behavior and detoxification from “mind addiction”. In addition, I would like to mention that the presence of psychopathology has a “neurotoxic” effect, that is, as long as the patient has symptoms, even one symptom, such as hallucinations or abnormal behavior or self-laughter, as long as one of them does not disappear, it plays a role in eroding and destroying nerve cells. Continued abnormal hyperactivity, constant formation and rupture of neurosynapses, slowly affecting cell membrane function and structure, causing fatigue and degeneration until destruction, gradually changing from functional abnormality to structural abnormality, and from functional disease to organic disease, leading to a chronic, progressive, refractory outcome. Therefore, if psychiatric disorders are not treated thoroughly, they will almost always become chronic and intractable diseases, while surgery may eliminate this “neurotoxicity”, thus blocking the possibility of their development into chronic and organic diseases. In practice, we have seen many patients who were prone to recurrence before surgery, but after surgery, there is little or no recurrence, but this does not mean that the disease is “eradicated”. At present, we do not say that any kind of treatment can cure the “root”. For example, there is a patient in Fuzhou who has been suffering from the disease for 22 years, and his father was asked how many times the patient has suffered from the disease. His father said, “I can’t remember how many times I had a relapse, but for sure, 22 years of illness, hospitalized no less than 22 times, because almost every year, sometimes several times a year, basically every relapse has to be hospitalized. After the surgery, I was followed up to 5 years, and in those 5 years there was not a single recurrence.