The global epidemiological statistics of tumor in 2008 showed that China accounted for 22.2% of 12.66 million cancer cases and 25.9% of 7.56 million cancer deaths, which is more than 1/4 of the total, indicating that China has a long way to go in tumor prevention and treatment. There are inconsistencies in incidence between developing and developed countries because of different economic development and living habits. Since China’s reform and opening up, economic and social income, living environment, diet structure and working environment are changing, the first of which is aging, which makes tumors grow rapidly. In addition, the cancer spectrum in China presents new features, with epidemic characteristics in both developed and developing countries. The survey shows that in urban areas, lung cancer, stomach cancer and breast cancer have the highest incidence rates; in rural areas, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer and liver cancer are the top 3 most prevalent tumors. This indicates that in urban areas, cancers closely related to modern lifestyles are on the rise; in rural areas, cancers related to poverty and lack of medical care are still highly prevalent.