Kidney cancer, also known as renal cell carcinoma, is the most common renal parenchymal tumor. The incidence and mortality rate of kidney cancer accounts for about 2% of the whole body tumors worldwide. In China, kidney cancer accounts for 2% of all malignant tumors and ranks the 10th among all malignant tumors. Epidemiological statistics of malignant tumors in Tianjin. The average annual increase of male incidence is 6.84%, with a cumulative increase of 235.97% in 20 years, ranking the top of all malignant tumor increase, which means that the mortality rate of male renal malignant tumor has the highest increase. The average annual increase of mortality rate in males is 5.03%, with a cumulative increase of 154.04% in 20 years. The causes of kidney cancer are still unknown except for genetic factors. Epidemiological surveys have found the following risk factors for the occurrence of kidney cancer, such as smoking, obesity, hypertension, history of blood transfusion, diabetes, radiation, alcohol consumption, family history, etc. The basic treatment of kidney cancer is radical nephrectomy, and surgery is the main treatment for early stage kidney cancer. Kidney cancer is not sensitive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, and these methods generally cannot be used as conventional adjuvant therapy, immunotherapy such as IL-2 and INF-α can be used as preventive treatment for kidney cancer after surgery, and biological therapy is mainly used for advanced stage kidney cancer with spread, and its efficacy is limited and needs to be improved. Targeted therapy is mainly used as adjuvant treatment for metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma. The prognosis of kidney cancer is closely related to the tumor stage. The 3-year survival rate of kidney cancer not surgically resected is less than 5%, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 2%. The 5-year survival rate after radical surgery is 60%-90% for early confined intrarenal tumors; 40%-80% for those who do not invade the perirenal fascia; only 2%-20% for those whose tumors exceed the perirenal fascia. Occasionally, metastases spontaneously regressed after resection of the primary kidney tumor. From the perspective of kidney cancer etiology, treatment and prognosis, if the causes of tumor occurrence are not fully understood, tumor prevention, that is, no tumor growth in the body, is a relatively difficult task for individual patients, then early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment become the exact and feasible methods for kidney cancer patients to obtain the best results. Kidney cancer clinical symptoms are multifarious: because of the obscure location of kidney in the body and the protection of surrounding tissues and organs, it is not easy to detect the disease in terms of clinical symptoms, whose main symptoms include hematuria, lumbar pain and lumps, the so-called triad of kidney cancer, but when the triad appears, generally speaking, kidney cancer has already developed to the middle and late stage. The long-term survival rate is very low. Hematuria is often painless intermittent episodes of hematuria with intermittent period shortening with the development of the lesion. When kidney cancer bleeds a lot, it may be accompanied by renal colic, which is often caused by a blood clot passing through the ureter. The blood clots in hematuria of kidney cancer may form strips due to passing through the ureter. The degree of hematuria is not related to the size of the kidney cancer. Kidney cancer may sometimes present as persistent microscopic hematuria. Low back pain is another common symptom of kidney cancer, mostly dull pain, which is confined to the lower back. When the tumor invades the surrounding organs and lumbar muscles, the pain is more severe and persistent. Mass is also a common symptom. About 1/3 to 1/4 of kidney cancer patients can find enlarged kidney at the time of consultation. Since the kidney is hidden, the mass is difficult to detect until the kidney cancer reaches a significant size. Other non-specific symptoms include unexplained fever, erythrocytosis, hypertension, hypotension, hypercalcemia, fever syndrome, etc. There is a lack of specific tumor markers for kidney cancer such as hepatocellular carcinoma (methemoglobin) and pancreatic cancer (CA19-9). Ultrasound is a simple, non-invasive and affordable imaging method, which can detect tumors with a diameter of 0.5 cm or more in the kidney, and the accuracy of characterization and localization is 93.3%, so most asymptomatic kidney cancers can be detected by ultrasound. CT can also identify other renal parenchymal diseases, such as renal vascular smooth muscle lipoma and renal cysts. Laboratory examination: With the development of China’s economy, B-ultrasound and CT examination are becoming more and more popular, which provide the necessary economic and material guarantee for early detection of kidney cancer and make health examination possible. In order to significantly improve the survival rate of patients and even achieve the goal of cure, regular physical examination is the key to early detection and early diagnosis of kidney cancer.