Renal cancer, also known as renal cell carcinoma, is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney, accounting for about 85%-90% of renal tumors. It originates from renal tubular epithelial cells, and 75%-85% of them are clear cell renal cell carcinoma, followed by suspicious cell carcinoma, papillary cell carcinoma, collecting duct carcinoma and so on. It can occur in any part of the renal parenchyma, but it is more common in the upper and lower parts of the kidney, and a few of them invade the whole kidney; it has equal chance to develop in the left and right kidney, and bilateral lesions account for 1%-2%. The etiology of kidney tumor is still unclear, and the occurrence of kidney cancer includes two conditions: endogenous and exogenous factors. I. External factors of kidney cancer: Current research believes that aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, aflatoxins, hormone abuse, radiation and viruses can cause kidney cancer; certain hereditary diseases such as tuberous sclerosis and multiple neurofibromas can be combined with renal cell carcinoma. Many studies have shown that: quitters have 2 times higher risk of kidney cancer than never smokers, heavy smokers have a higher incidence than light smokers, the duration of smoking is directly related to the prevalence, and it is believed that smokers have increased levels of various mutagenic active substances in the urine; dimethylnitrosamines in tobacco cause kidney cancer. The survey found that high intake of dairy products, animal protein and fat, low intake of fruits and vegetables, and coffee are risk factors for kidney cancer. Diuretics, antipyretics and analgesics, especially drugs containing finasteride, can increase the risk of kidney cancer. Patients on long-term maintenance hemodialysis have a tendency to increase the incidence of kidney cancer. Therefore, those on dialysis for more than 3 years should have annual ultrasound examination of the kidneys. It has been reported that obese and diabetic patients are more likely to develop kidney cancer. Among kidney cancer patients, 14% of them have diabetes, which is 5 times more than normal people with diabetes. Mutation of oncogene VHL exists in 60% of kidney cancer patients. The protein encoded by VHL gene is involved in regulating cell growth, and if it is inactivated, it leads to uncontrolled cell growth, proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Under normal conditions, the VHL protein regulates the cellular response to hypoxia through the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor that promotes the overexpression of proteins such as VEGF and PDGF and TGFa when cells are in a hypoxic state, thereby promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. When the VHL gene is mutated or inactivated, the VHL protein is lacking and cannot degrade HIF even under the condition of normal oxygen content, which makes HIF aggregation and pro-angiogenic factor overexpression, thus activating multi-kinase signaling pathway, leading to tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and finally tumor development. The long-term persistent effects of endogenous and exogenous factors promote the development of kidney cancer. However, from our current conditions it is not possible to change the intrinsic causes of kidney cancer occurrence. Therefore, reducing long-term exposure to high-risk factors of kidney cancer and changing unhealthy lifestyle have become the main means to prevent kidney cancer: 1. Quit smoking and alcohol, avoid radiation and prevent hormone abuse. Workers with long-term exposure to metal store, newspaper printing workers, coke workers, dry cleaning industry and petrochemical product workers should strengthen protection. Reducing the exposure to chemical carcinogenic substances is a measure that cannot be ignored to prevent this disease. 2.Actively carry out cancer prevention propaganda, popularize cancer prevention knowledge, and achieve early diagnosis and early treatment of kidney tumor, which is the key to determine the treatment effect and prognosis of this disease. 3.Cultivate good hygiene habits, do not consume moldy and rotten pickled food, and reduce the intake of high sugar and high fat food. It is advisable to use a light diet, appropriate to eat fish, eggs and a small amount of lean animal meat. 4, obesity, diabetes and patients with primary nephropathy and other high-risk patients should be vigilant, regular review, to achieve early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment. 6.Patients recovering from surgery should be reviewed regularly, once every one to three months, and once every six months to a year for those in good condition, and adhere to comprehensive treatment. 7.Strengthen physical exercise to enhance the ability to resist disease. 8, maintain an optimistic outlook on life, stabilize emotions, and improve the quality of life.