Meningeal metastasis from lung cancer is one of the serious complications of lung cancer, and the prognosis of patients is extremely poor, and the median survival of untreated patients is only 4 to 6 weeks. Patients’ clinical manifestations lack specificity, and there are three main clinical manifestations: brain parenchymal involvement and meningeal irritation symptoms, which manifest as headache, vomiting, cervical tonicity, meningeal irritation signs, mental status changes, hazy consciousness, cognitive impairment, symptomatic seizures and physical movement disorders; brain nerve involvement symptoms, which commonly involve brain nerves such as optic nerve, motoneurotic nerve, talocrural nerve, abducens nerve, facial nerve, auditory nerve, etc., and manifest as vision loss, diplopia, facial numbness, etc. The symptoms of spinal cord and spinal nerve root stimulation include segmental sensory deficits, numbness of limbs, sensory ataxia, weakened or absent tendon reflexes, sphincter dysfunction, and nerve root pain. At present, the following criteria are mostly used for the diagnosis of LM in China: 1) a clear history of tumor, 2) new neurological symptoms and signs, 3) positive cerebrospinal fluid cytology, 4) typical MRI imaging, where 1, 2 plus 3 or 4 are diagnosed. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology and enhanced MRI scan are the main diagnostic tools for meningeal cancer, but they are less sensitive for early diagnosis of meningeal metastasis. Cerebrospinal fluid CTCs testing has shown good promise as a new detection technique. The treatment modalities for meningeal metastases mainly include conservative treatment, surgical treatment, intrathecal chemotherapy, systemic chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy, and the aim of treatment is mainly to improve or stabilize the central nervous function of patients, improve the quality of life and prolong survival. With the emergence of new chemotherapeutic agents, the status and role of chemotherapy needs to be further explored. Molecular targeted therapy as an emerging treatment modality has significantly prolonged the survival of patients with EGFR gene mutation, but its application is limited by the type of pathology and EGFR gene mutation. Early diagnosis of meningeal metastases and early treatment can effectively reduce neurological impairment due to disease progression. Therefore, finding a more sensitive method to detect potential metastases in the meninges is the primary issue to be addressed.