HPV is a human papillomavirus with more than 100 types identified, divided into high-risk and low-risk types. High-risk HPV infection is a major risk factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer, and is also an important element of cervical cancer screening; genital warts are mainly associated with low-risk HPV6 and 11 infections. HPV infection is mainly transmitted sexually, and HPV infection occurs in about 60% of patients’ sexual partners. But this does not mean that HPV infected people have a history of sexual promiscuity, because every sexual life has a chance of HPV infection. According to statistics, China’s monogamous system, since the beginning of sexual life to a year later, 30% of women are infected with HPV. Worldwide, there are 630 million individual HPV infections each year, the average duration of infection is 8 months, about 70% of new infections will clear themselves within 1 year, about 90% of new infections clear themselves within 2 years, and only 9% of those with persistent infection for more than 2 years. First, let’s understand what are the specific types of HPV? High-risk HPV types include: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, etc., among which 16 and 18 have the highest cancer rate. Low-risk HPV types include: 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 61, etc. Next, how does HPV infection occur? Early sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, low immunity, smoking and high sex hormone levels are high-risk factors for HPV infection; HPV infection mostly occurs at the cervical squamocolumnar junction, where viral particles enter the cells of the basal layer of the cervix through small wounds in the mucosa. Therefore, frequent sexual intercourse, abortion, cervical mucosal trauma, and uterine cavity manipulation increase the chance of HPV infection. Pregnant women are susceptible to acromegaly due to suppressed immune function, high sex hormone levels, vaginal discharge and hot and humid vulva; newborns are infected by swallowing HPV-containing amniotic fluid, blood or secretions during delivery through the birth canal. So, is having HPV infection equal to having cervical cancer? The answer is no. Low-risk HPV infection is not carcinogenic; it takes 2-3 years from high-risk HPV infection to high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN II – III precancerous lesions); it takes about 10 years from HPV infection to cervical cancer. In other words, HPV infection is still 100,000 miles away from cervical cancer. As long as we insist on cervical cancer screening (single or double screening, TCT, HPV) every 1-2 years to improve immunity and clear HPV, it is possible to interrupt cervical precancerous lesions and keep away from cervical cancer. What should pregnant women do if they have warts? The actual fact that pregnant women have lowered immune function, high sex hormone levels and rich local blood circulation can make warts grow rapidly, in large numbers and size, and even block the birth canal; warts are fragile and can easily lead to heavy bleeding during vaginal delivery. In addition, there is a risk of vertical transmission, which is generally considered to be through the soft birth canal, and the possibility of laryngeal papilloma in the child during early childhood. Therefore, small vulvar warts before 36 weeks of pregnancy can be treated medically or physically, such as laser, freezing, or microwave, and large warts can be surgically removed. Near full term or full term pregnancy if the lesions are extensive, cesarean section is recommended to end the delivery. After delivery some warts shrink rapidly and may even subside naturally.