2.Bronchoscopy Bronchoscopy is an important measure to diagnose lung cancer. Through bronchoscopy, the pathological changes of bronchial lining and lumen can be directly observed. If cancer or cancerous infiltration is seen, tissue can be taken for pathological section or bronchial secretion can be aspirated for cytological examination to clarify the diagnosis and determine the histological type.
4.Cytological examination Most patients with primary lung cancer can find shed cancer cells in sputum, and the histological type of cancer cells can be determined. Therefore, sputum cytology examination is a simple and effective method for lung cancer screening and diagnosis. The positive rate of sputum cytology examination for central type lung cancer can reach 70-90%, while the positive rate of sputum examination for peripheral type lung cancer is only about 50%, therefore, the possibility of lung cancer cannot be excluded for negative sputum cytology examination.
6. ECT examination ECT bone imaging detects lesions 3-6 months earlier than ordinary X-ray, and can detect bone metastases earlier. If the lesion has reached the middle stage and the decalcification of the bone lesion reaches more than 30% to 50% of its content, both X-ray and bone imaging will be positive, if the osteogenic reaction of the lesion is quiescent and the metabolism is not active, the bone imaging is negative and X-ray is positive, the two complement each other, which can improve the diagnosis rate.