Water channels (AQPs) are a class of membrane protein molecules that allow water molecules and certain solute small molecules to pass through cell membranes, mainly in epithelial cells and endothelial cells, and have the physiological function of maintaining water balance. In recent years, it has been found that AQPs are involved in the regulation of vascular function in addition to maintaining the water balance of the body, and affect the occurrence and development of certain diseases, especially cerebral ischemia, congestive heart failure, hypertension and tumor vascular neovascularization, which are all related to AQPs. Therefore, it is important to further elucidate the relationship and possible mechanisms of AQPs with vascular function regulation and related diseases for disease prevention and prognosis. In this paper, we will summarize and discuss the research progress on the expression and physiological function of AQPs on blood vessels, the regulation of AQPs and vascular function, and the relationship between AQPs and related diseases such as cerebral ischemia, congestive heart failure, hypertension and tumor vascular neoplasia.