Nipple overflow is one of the common symptoms of female breast diseases. Non-lactating women with nipple overflow should first consider pathological causes, such as tumor, hyperplasia or inflammation caused by diseases. In the past, patients with nipple overflow often chose to be examined by overflow smear, mammography and ultrasound, but the sensitivity and specificity are not high, which means that the confirmation rate is low. If the diagnosis is not clear, the treatment will be blind, and surgery is often required. Moreover, the inaccurate localization of the lesion leads to an excessive scope of surgery, and the breast is easily deformed and scarred after surgery, which causes great harm to women’s psychology. Lactoscopy technology provides a new method for the diagnosis and treatment of nipple overflow. A lactoscope is a hair-thin endoscope that can be inserted into the milk duct to directly see the lesion and through which biopsies or other treatments can be taken. At present, our hospital has introduced the most advanced lactoscopy system with fiber-optic endoscopes of different outer diameters such as 0.5mm and 1.1mm, which are suitable for examining and treating different patients, as well as special instruments such as mesh baskets, biopsy forceps and cell brushes, which can carry out various lactoscopic examinations and treatment measures. For patients with nipple overflow, fiberoptic ductoscopy is also the best examination method. Ductoscopy does not require anesthesia, is non-invasive, and allows direct observation of breast lesions. If a tumor is found to be inflammatory, it can be treated with drug irrigation at that time; if a tumor is found, the ductoscope can accurately locate its position on the breast surface, so the doctor can make a small incision and remove the tumor from the breast. This technique, which is less invasive, does not affect the shape of the breast and reduces the psychological damage to female patients.