There are many components of the blood system, and diseases caused by abnormalities in any blood system component can be called blood disorders.
1.Red blood cell system: Occupying about 50% of the blood components, red blood cell diseases can include various causes of anemia, erythropoiesis, other diseases involving the red blood cell system, etc. Some of these diseases are common: 2, nutritional anemia: iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, etc. The incidence is high and sometimes difficult to diagnose, but if clear, through proper treatment, the results are often very good.
3.Hemolytic anemia: dozens of kinds, including hereditary and acquired ones. Some hemolytic anemias can reach good results through drugs or surgery, while some are very difficult to diagnose and have no good treatment.
4. Bone marrow failure diseases: including hereditary and acquired ones, among which aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, paroxysmal sleep hemoglobinuria, etc. are common. The congenital ones are prone to malignant transformation, while some of the acquired ones can be treated with good results.
Iron granulocytic anemia, porphyria, and various toxic anemias are relatively rare. Other diseases can also lead to anemic disorders (such as renal anemia, autoimmune disease, hypersplenism, etc.). Anemia due to chronic diseases, also known as chronic disease anemia, is a very common form of anemia, and treatment often has to be directed at the primary disease first.
5. Leukocyte diseases: Because they are the most diverse, leukocyte diseases are one of the most diverse hematologic diseases, most of which are hematologic malignancies. Basic and clinical research on these diseases has been the focus of medical research. Among the top 10 new drugs in the field of oncology approved by the FDA last year, new hematologic oncology drugs occupied 60%, which is sufficient to show its hotness.
Among leukocyte diseases, the most common are various types of leukemia (acute and chronic), malignant lymphoma (also divided into Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma), and multiple myeloma (a malignancy of plasma cells). Because of the large variety of leukocytes, almost all of them can undergo malignant transformation. Malignant changes in leukocytes that occur predominantly in the bone marrow are called leukemia, but sometimes, malignant granulocytes can also be found outside the bone marrow for the first time as green tumors; malignant changes in lymphoid tissue outside the bone marrow are called lymphoma, but lymphoma can also invade the bone marrow, and if the proportion of lymphoma cells in the bone marrow reaches 20% or more, it is called lymphoma leukemia; lesions of the plasma cell system are called plasma cell disease. Histiocytes, Langerhans cells, mast cells, dendritic cells, etc., among the leukocytes, can also develop various lesions that give rise to our now newly named diseases. These diseases have a low incidence and little experience in their treatment, but with the progress of science, some hospitals in China have accumulated considerable experience.