Intermediate-risk forms of myelodysplastic syndromes are treated with combination chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or bone marrow transplantation, and may be supported by blood and platelet transfusions. Myelodysplastic syndrome is a hematologic malignancy in which there is bone marrow pathologic hematopoiesis, most often manifested by refractory anemia and decreased white blood cell and platelet counts. Intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes have a higher risk of conversion to acute leukemia and early treatment with combination chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation is recommended. Drugs available for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes include demethylating drugs such as azacitidine and decitabine; chemotherapeutic drugs such as cytarabine; and targeted drugs such as Vinacrine. The choice of medication is made by a hematologist who evaluates the condition and develops a treatment plan. Bone marrow transplantation is the only treatment that may completely cure myelodysplastic syndromes. However, there are large individual differences in efficacy, and not all patients are suitable for bone marrow transplantation and may relapse. For patients with severe anemia and thrombocytopenia, supportive treatment such as blood and platelet transfusion is required, and the indication for blood transfusion will be evaluated by a specialist. It is recommended that the patient should go to the hematology department in time, complete the relevant examinations to evaluate the condition, and then formulate an individualized treatment plan according to the condition.