The degree and characteristics of the deformity, the age and development of the child, and the progression of the scoliosis should be taken into consideration when specifying the indications for surgery. (1) Children with thoracic scoliosis with a Cobb’s angle greater than 40 degrees, immature development, progressive thoracic anterior convexity, and compromised pulmonary function should be surgically corrected. (2) Children with scoliosis of the thoracolumbar or lumbar segments, progressive aggravation of trunk imbalance and severe back pain should be surgically corrected, but surgery is not necessary for children with scoliosis of the thoracolumbar segments less than 40 degrees, as the double-bending deformity can often balance each other without producing obvious deformities in appearance. (3) When the growth is over, the double curvature deformity within 60 degrees is rarely progressively aggravated, and whether to perform surgical orthopedics should be considered comprehensively.