We often meet many parents who say that their children are constantly moving all day long, climbing up and down, as if they are not tired at all, and that they have a lot of movements in class, so they have “ADHD”. If you ask them more carefully, they say that their children can concentrate on watching TV or playing games, and do not move for hours; they especially like to listen to stories and watch cartoons; they do not want to go home when they are playing with their friends outside. In fact, many of these children are not “hyperactive” at all. It is the nature of children to be active, but excessive hyperactivity and mischievousness is a disease, and there is a fundamental difference between naughty children and children with ADHD. The clinical characteristics of ADHD are normal or near-normal intelligence, but they show age-appropriate difficulty in concentration, short attention span, excessive activity regardless of the occasion, emotional impulsiveness and learning difficulties. How can we tell if a child is normally hyperactive or has ADHD? According to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) manual compiled by the World Health Organization, experts in China have developed diagnostic criteria for ADHD in children: (1) Inattentiveness (at least 5 items): (1) Often unable to pay careful attention to details, making inattentive mistakes in homework or other activities; (2) Often unable to maintain attention when completing tasks or playing games, often starting but not finishing; (3) Often seemingly absent when others (4) often fails to follow instructions and complete homework on time; (5) often loses necessities such as workbooks, books, pens, toys, etc.; (6) often avoids or is extremely averse to homework; (7) is easily attracted to external stimuli; (8) ability to organize activities is often impaired. (2) Excessive activity (at least 3 items): (1) hands or feet are often restless or squirm while sitting; (2) cannot sit still in his or her seat; (3) often runs or ascends heights regardless of the occasion; (4) has difficulty participating quietly in recreational activities; (5) exhibits persistent excessive movement that cannot be significantly modified by the social environment or the demands of others If the child is diagnosed with “hyperactivity”, you can choose medication: 1. Methylphenidate: that is, Lidilene, the most commonly used, 5-10mg each time, twice a day, taken in the morning and afternoon, not in the evening, to avoid causing insomnia. It is recommended that children take it during the study period, and stop taking it on weekends and holidays. it is generally not used under 6 years old. 2.Dextroamphetamine: commonly used, the dose is 2.5~5mg per time, twice a day, morning and afternoon. Most children have a daily dosage of 10mg or less. Observe the change of pulse and blood pressure. Side effects are insomnia, dizziness, loss of appetite and weight loss. It is also recommended to stop taking it on Sundays and holidays to reduce the side effects of growth inhibition and is generally not used for children under 3 years of age. The effect of long-term application of this drug on growth and development is more obvious than that of methylphenidate, and it is more suitable for patients who also have convulsions. 3. Phenytoin: The drug has a long duration of action and can be taken once in the morning before school. It has fewer side effects and causes less anorexia and insomnia than dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate, and is best not used in children under 6 years old. The starting dose is 10mg, if the effect is not satisfactory can be increased by 20-40mg. this drug is slow to show effect, if also should stop observation. Regularly check liver function. 4, Caffeine: each time to take 100-150mg, 2 times a day, the efficacy is not as good as methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine. 5, promethazine: belongs to the antidepressant, also has a good effect on the disease. Dose from 10mg, commonly used dose of 25-50mg daily, depending on the age and weight of children. The leukopenia driven off by this drug is often temporary and can return to normal after stopping the drug. The leukocyte count should be checked once after 4 weeks of starting the drug, and the blood test should be done once every half month thereafter. In addition, it may cause loss of appetite, urinary retention or allergic reactions, and should not be used in children under 12 years of age. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease, with the milder cases taking the drug for 6 months to 1 year and the more severe cases requiring treatment for 3 to 5 years.